К таблице 8.8: Модальные глаголы и их эквиваленты
Задание 1. Прочитайте и переведите диалог на русский язык, обращая внимание на значение модальных глаголов.
A: Where’s that book I gave you last week?
B: It must be somewhere here. … Strange isn’t it? I can’t find it. Where can I have put it?
A: Do find it. I simply must have it. You may have given it to somebody else, you know.
B: Oh, no. I can’t have done that. Wait a moment. It may be in that bookcase among my old books.
A: What’s that lying under the arm-chair over there? That must be it.
B: So it is! Well, who can have put it there?
Задание 2. Заполните пропуски глаголами can (could) или may (might). Предложения переведите.
1. It _____ all come nothing, you know. 2. The night was cloudy; nothing _____ be seen but the edge of the horizon. 3. You have walked on my flowerbed! Surely, you _____ be more careful and see where you walk. 4. He was well read, he had read everything he _____ borrow from the library or from his friends. 5. ______ you tell me the shortest way to the post-office, please? 6. This young man’s face looks very familiar. Oh, you _____ have seen him in some film. 7. He _____ think that I am too young to go to the party. 8. You _____ help me with this heavy suit-case.
Задание 3. Подберите английским предложениям соответствующие предложения на русском языке.
His English is very poor, he should study better.
I had to cook dinner after work.
Will you have to get up early tomorrow?
He was to make a report at the conference yesterday.
There was to be an interesting concert at the concert hall last night.
He is to come here at 6 o’clock.
You needn’t get up early tomorrow.
They must work better to pass their examinations.
We have to do this work today, because we shall be busy tomorrow.
May be he ought to show his article to you first.
Shall I send for the doctor?
You oughtn’t to speak to your neighbors at the dinner.
They shall come here at 12 o’clock.
Вы должны сделать эту работу сегодня, т.к. завтра мы будем заняты.
Должно быть она дома сейчас.
Он плохо знает английский язык, ему следует больше работать.
Мне пришлось готовить обед после работы.
Придется ли вам рано вставать завтра?
Вчера на конференции он должен быть сделать доклад.
Вчера вечером в концертном зале должен был состояться интересный концерт.
Он должен прийти сюда в 6 часов.
Они должны лучше работать, чтоб сдать экзамен.
Вам не нужно рано вставать завтра.
Они обязательно придут сюда в 12 часов.
m) Вам не следует так быстро бегать.
о) Возможно, ему следует вначале показать статью вам.
р) Я должна послать за доктором?
q) Вам не следует разговаривать с соседями за обедом.
Задание 4А. Переведите предложения на русский язык. Прокомментируйте значения модальных глаголов.
“You may think you’re very old”, he said, “but you strike me as extremely young”.(Galsworthy).
That was like her – she had no foresight. Still – who knew? – She might be right. (Galsworthy).
You are to stay in bed until you are allowed to get up. (Du Maurier).
“I can’t explain it”, said Therese. “I can’t explain anything I did today.” (Heym).
And now I must go back to my social duties. (Voynich).
It’s murder and we ought to stop it (London).
You should be more careful. (London).
Dear Jim, I am to be shot at sunrise tomorrow. (Voynich).
I shall have to take the pupils into the hills, as usual, and see them settled there. (Voynich).
Shall I shut the door, ma’am? (Dickens).
You may laugh if you will but I was sure I should see her there. (E. Bronte).
He did not dare to meet his uncle.
How dare you go out by yourself after the orders I gave you? (Shaw).
You dare address me in that tone! (Shaw).
I am here. You needn’t be afraid. (Greene).
He did not need to be told twice.
“I can’t stand it any more, Emmy”, John said; “I won’t stand it; and you must come with me”. (Thackeray).
Задание 5. Вставьте на место пропусков “can”, “may” или “must”.
1. I … sharpen the pencils if you lend me your knife. 2. He told his secretary: “You … go home now if you like”. 3. The teacher told the class: “If you make a spelling mistake, you … write the correction three times”. 4. Mary … do her homework if her father doesn’t help her. 5. I said to my friend: “If I lend you my car, you … promise to drive it carefully”.
Задание 6. Употребив «may», «might», «must», выразите разную степень уверенности в совершении действия. Предложения переведите.
a) He … know grammar. But I can’t believe it. He makes too many mistakes.
b) He … know grammar. He is not bad pupil.
c) He … know grammar. He often helps his school-mates when they find difficulties with their exercises.
a) He … be a good painter, though I personally do not like his pictures.
b) He … be a good painter. Many people like his pictures.
c) He … be a good painter. So many people like his pictures and praise them highly.
Задание 7. Заполните пропуски, употребив глаголы «may» или «can».
1. He … have dinner now and then play in the yard. 2. Peter … do sums very well. …he held us? 3. … we play in the room? – No, you … not. 4. She … not open this window. It is very large. 5. … I see Vera now? – No, you … not. She is not in. 6. … I help you? – Yes, you …–… you wash the plates? – Certainly, I ….
Задание 8. Поставьте следующие предложения в прошедшее и будущее время.
1. I must get up early. 2. We have to take a taxi. 3. You may take my pencil.
4. What can I do for you? 5. You may go home. 6. He has to learn this poem by heart. 7. We must translate the text without a dictionary. 8. She can speak English quite well.
Задание 9. Переведите следующие предложения. Прокомментируйте значения модальных глаголов и их эквивалентов.
1. We must answer all the questions. 2. You can get there only by air. 3. You may help us with this translation. 4. You may smoke only in the smoking room. 5. He can swim not so well as his elder brother. 6. You are to say nothing about it to anyone. 7. This story should be interesting. 8. We were to meet at the entrance of the theatre at a quarter to eight. 9. The child is ill, he is not allowed to get up. 10. We ought to stop this murder. 11. I was to be there at five sharp. 12. In the museum you may see some interesting things.
Задание 10.Заполните пропуски модальными глаголами.
1. The doctor said, «The child is very ill. He………..be taken to the hospital at once.” 2. A man………help his parents when they become old. 3. There are no buses or taxis, so we………..walk. 4. Everybody ………learn a foreign language. 5. We………live without food and water. We………eat and drink. 6. I………get up early tomorrow, so I……go to bed late tonight. 7. You…….drive a car at night without lights. 8. Jon’s father told him that he…..ask silly questions. 9. Man…..live by bread alone. 10. The matter………be discussed in tomorrow’s debate. 11. You……….sit there in your wet clothes; you will catch cold if you do.
12. They…………do all the exercises; it will be sufficient if they do four of them.
13. You……….do whatever you like. 14. We………go away just yet; our train doesn’t leave for half an hour yet. 15. I……….read to the end of the story, because I want to see who gets the treasure. 16. Why……..I go? 17. She…….sing quite well. 18. The ice is quite thick. We………walk on it.
Задание 11.Выберите правильный модальный глаголов.
1. You will. speak Spanish in another few months.
3. Nobody answers the phone. They. be out.
4. I’m sorry, I. have phoned to tell you I was coming.
5. To my mind, the government. take care of old people.
6. I. get up early on Mondays.
7. The policeman told the woman she. worry.
8. . you mind passing me the salt?
9. As you. remember, I was always interested in scientific-experiments
10. Little children like books with large print. They. read them more easily.
11. … I speak to Jane, please?
12. My dentist says I. eat so many sweets.
13. — Why hasn’t Mr. Grill got in touch with us? – I don’t quite know. It . be that he has lost our phone number.
14. – Liz seems to be avoiding you. – I can’t tell you for certain. She . have been hurt by my words about her boyfriend.
Источник статьи: http://studfile.net/preview/5433284/page:11/
10.Заполните пропуски модальными глаголами или их эквивалентами:
You … not talk at the lesson.
He … not speak English last year.
My sister … not play piano two years ago, but now she…
You … get this novel in our library.
I … go to the library today to prepare for my report at the conference.
11.Прочитайте, переведите текст и сделайте анализ всех глаголов, которые имеют место в данном тексте.
I live in London. I have a flat. The flat is small. It is in a big house. The house is red. I have to live in the city. I have a big car. It is a Mercedes. The car is white. It is beautiful. I like to drive the car. I am English. I can speak English. I love to speak English!
Mercedes [mз:’seidəs] – «Мерседес»
12.Переведите на английский язык:
Ты можешь (Я тебе разрешаю) вести машину
Мы предпочитаем жить в городе
Ты можешь (тебе разрешено) прийти.
У них есть красная машина
Ещё одним важным глаголом, который принимает участие в системе спряжения английского глагола и имеет самостоятельное значение, является глагол to have (иметь); он изменяется также как и все остальные глаголы в Present Indefinite
13.Заполните пропуски глаголом to have , употребляя соответствующую форму в Present Indefinite:
1. She … one sister and two brothers.
2. We … a large library at school.
6. The secretary … a new typewriter.
7. Mr. Smith’s office … three large windows.
8. We … many friends in Moscow.
9. Both brothers … red hair.
10. Harry’s dog … a long tail.
11. He and I … many things in common.
Преобразуйте предложение таким образом, чтобы подлежащими стали стоящие в скобках личные местоимения:
1.We need a car (he). 2. I like to drive the car (she). 3. You prefer to live in the city (he). 4. They hate English (she). 5. You want to speak Russian (he). 6. They love it (he). 7.I have a house (she). 8. We have a red car (he). 9. I live in Moscow (it). 10. We watch television (she).
Глагол в этой форме выражает побуждение к действию, просьбу, приказ или совет.
А) Утвердительная форма повелительного наклонения образуется от неопределённой формы глагола, но без частицы to.При образовании отрицательной формы перед смысловым глаголом ставится вспомогательный глагол do и отрицание no: to write – write! (пиши)- do not write!(не пиши)
Б) Если побуждение обращено к первому или к третьему лицу, употребляется сочетание let с инфинитивом смыслового глагола без частицы t: Let us go for a walk! Пойдём гулять! ( 1 лицо) Let him do it himself! Пусть он сам это сделает! (к 3 лицу)
Источник статьи: http://studfile.net/preview/5849280/page:21/
III. Заполните пропуски подходящими по смыслу модальными глаголами или их эквивалентами:
… I go through the minutes of the last meeting first?
A firm is said to be insolvent when it … not fulfil its commitments.
Before Mr. Wellington, our bookkeeper, … become a CPA, he … meet a number of requirements.
Everyone in the research and development department … be working very long hours at the moment.
I’m afraid I’ll be late tonight – I … fetch the guests from the station.
Any decisions made … be consistent with the company’s overall strategy.
If a company needs to raise a lot of money, it … issue shares.
As the payment wasn’t made in due time, they … dissolve the agreement.
By using the multimedia projector the speaker … to communicate the information quite clearly.
It was a mistake to get rid of those shares. You … have sold them.
Managers … strive for two-way communication with their subordinates.
Every company … watch its cash flow carefully if it … to avoid bankruptcy.
I’m sure they … be conversant with our products as they are sold all over Europe.
Mr. Golden is on holiday in Spain – you … have seen him this morning.
If a country has a floating currency, importers … keep changing the prices of their goods.
The associate director … have carried on the negotiations with the sales agents but he didn’t.
If you don’t sign the new contract, we … move you to another post.
Mr. Brook … preside over the shareholders’ meeting yesterday.
The company … be forced to make a number of employees redundant in the coming months but the situation … improve in the longer term.
Ms Petty wasn’t at the meeting – she … have been delayed at the airport.
The customer … notify the supplier of any defects within five days.
Twenty years ago you … buy a computer as cheaply as you … now.
Unfortunately we … interview every applicant for this position.
We … have rushed to the airport as the plane was late.
When you retire early you … receive a compensating payment from your employer.
Источник статьи: http://studfile.net/preview/5404190/page:21/
Грамматический материал
1 Модальные глаголы can, may, must и их эквиваленты.
2 Временные формы группы Perfect.
3 Неопределенные местоимения some, any, no, every и их производные.
5 Местоимения one (ones), that (those) как заместители существительного.
6 Использование существительного в функции определения. Перевод его на русский язык.
7 Эмфатическое выделение отдельных членов предложения при помощи оборота it is (was) . that.
9 Простые неличные формы глагола. Инфинитив: форма, функции.
10 Герундий: форма, значение, употребление и перевод на русский язык.
11 Придаточные обстоятельственные предложения времени и условия.
12 Определительные и дополнительные придаточные предложения.
13 Наречие. Место наречия в предложении. Перевод конструкции the more . .. the less.
1 Переведите следующие предложения на русский язык, обращая внимание на модальный глагол must:
1) Her English is very poor, she must study very hard.
2) They must spend more time on their English.
3) You must help her in every way possible.
4) We must learn at least ten new words every day.
6) The students must do their homework regularly.
7) You must do this important work quickly.
2 Заполните пропуски модальными глаголами can или may. Переведите предложения на русский язык:
1) … I ask you to explain the rule once more?
2) … you lend me your dictionary?
3) You … take thisbook, I don t need it.
4) It was a very popularsong at the time, you … hear it everywhere.
5) . I ask you to do me a favour?
6) Atoms of different kinds … join together in different ways.
7) They . continue their experiment.
3 Переведите следующие предложения на русский язык, обращая внимание на глаголы to have (to) и to be (to):
1) It looks like raining. You have to take your raincoat.
2) Remember that we are to be at this place not later than eight.
3) He will have to stay there for a month.
4) We are to leave on Monday.
5) The children had to stay indoors because it was raining.
6) Nobody met me when I came, because I was to arrive by the ten o’clock train, but I couldn’t get a ticket for it.
7) We had to touch upon this question at the scientific conference.
8) You will have to work hard to finish the work in time.
4 Заполните пропуски модальными глаголами или их эквивалентами:
1) She . . . play chess well. 2) … I take your pen? 3) … I ask you a question? 4) You . . . not talk at the lesson. 5) He . . . not speak English last year. 6) My sister . . . not play piano two years ago, but now she . . . . 7) You . . . get this novel in our library. 8) I . . . go to the library today to prepare for my report at the conference. 9) . . . you do me a favour?
5 Напишите следующие предложения в вопросительной и отрицательной формах:
Образец: Не can play chess well.
I) We must tell her this news. 2) He may smoke here. 3) She can speak English perfectly. 4) The students must translate the text at home. 5) We can go to the theatre tonight. 6) We shall be able to help them. 7) They had to wait for a long time. 8) His friend couldn’t get this book. 9) You were allowed to take this book home. 10) May I go home now? 11) They were allowed to come at four.
6 Употребите глаголы, данные в скобках, в Present Perfect:
1) I (speak) to him about it several times.
2) We (learn) many new words in this course.
3) He (make) that same mistake several times.
4) I (hear) that story before.
5) I am afraid that I (lose) my car keys.
6) She (see) this film three times.
7) I (tell) John what you said.
8) She (return) my book at last.
9) She says that she (lose) her new pocket-book.
7 Употребите глаголы, данные в скобках Past Perfect:
1) I was sure I (see) the man.
2) I asked him why he (leave) us so early.
3) It was clear that he (give) us the address.
4) The teacher corrected the exercises which I (prepare).
5) He knew that he (make) a serious mistake.
6) She said she (look) everywhere for the book.
7) I felt that I (meet) the man somewhere before.
8) He wanted to know what (happen) to his briefcase.
8 Употребите глаголы, данные в скобках, в Future Perfect:
1) I am sure they (complete) the new road by June.
2) He says that before he leaves he (see) every show in town.
3) By the time you arrive, I (finish) reading your book.
4) I (be) in this country two years by next January.
5) A year from now he (take) his medical examinations and (begin) to practise.
6) If you don’t make a note of that appointment, you (forget) it by next week.
9 Переведите предложения на русский язык, обращая внимание на употребление времен группы Perfect:
1) Не has told her all about his travel. 2) I have never been to London. 3) Have you finished your homework? 4) They have been friends for years. 5) By the time he leaves home, we shall have come to the station. 6) We are sure that he will have kept his promise. 7) She told us that she had not finished her report yet. 8) He has been the best student in the class. 9) She said she had had her lunch. 10) By the end of the week we shall already have translated this book. 11) They have been absent from class all week.
10 Напишите следующие предложения в вопросительной и отрицательной формах:
1) There are some extra chairs in the next room.
2) He made some mistakes in spelling.
3) They have some pretty dresses in that store.
4) The teacher taught us some important rules of grammar.
5) We learned some new words in class yesterday.
6) There are some flowers in the yellow vase.
7) The doctor gave her some pills to take.
8) I bought some stamps at the post office.
9) He told us about some of his experiences.
Источник статьи: http://studfile.net/preview/7160089/page:8/