Спряжение глагола «to run» (Английский язык)
Глагол to run – неправильный глагол в английском языке, в переводе на русский означает: бежать, бегать.
| Infinitive | to run |
|---|---|
| Simple past | ran |
| Past participle | run |
| -s | runs |
| -ing | running |
Run in present simple
Утверждение
Отрицание
He does not run
She does not run
It does not run
Вопрос
Does he run?
Does she run?
Does it run?
Run in present continuous
Утверждение
He is running
She is running
It is running
Отрицание
He is not running
She is not running
It is not running
Вопрос
Is he running?
Is she running?
Is it running?
Run in present perfect
Утверждение
He has run
She has run
It has run
Отрицание
He has not run
She has not run
It has not run
Вопрос
Has he run?
Has she run?
Has it run?
Run in present perfect continuous
Утверждение
He has been running
She has been running
It has been running
Отрицание
You have not been running
He has not been running
She has not been running
It has not been running
You have not been running
They have not been running
Вопрос
Has he been running?
Has she been running?
Has it been running?
Run in past simple
Утверждение
Отрицание
He did not run
She did not run
It did not run
Вопрос
Did he run?
Did she run?
Did it run?
Run in past continuous
Утверждение
He was running
She was running
It was running
Отрицание
He was not running
She was not running
It was not running
Вопрос
Was he running?
Was she running?
Was it running?
Run in past perfect
Утверждение
He had run
She had run
It had run
Отрицание
He had not run
She had not run
It had not run
Вопрос
Had he run?
Had she run?
Had it run?
Run in past perfect continuous
Утверждение
He had been running
She had been running
It had been running
Отрицание
He had not been running
She had not been running
It had not been running
They had not been running
Вопрос
Had he been running?
Had she been running?
Had it been running?
Run in future simple
Утверждение
He will run
She will run
It will run
Отрицание
He will not run
She will not run
It will not run
Вопрос
Will he run?
Will she run?
Will it run?
Run in future continuous
Утверждение
He will be running
She will be running
It will be running
Отрицание
He will not be running
She will not be running
It will not be running
Вопрос
Will he be running?
Will she be running?
Will it be running?
Run in future perfect
Утверждение
He will have run
She will have run
It will have run
Отрицание
He will not have run
She will not have run
It will not have run
Вопрос
Will he have run?
Will she have run?
Will it have run?
Run in future perfect continuous
Утверждение
You will have been running
He will have been running
She will have been running
It will have been running
We will have been running
You will have been running
They will have been running
Отрицание
I will not have been running
You will not have been running
He will not have been running
She will not have been running
It will not have been running
We will not have been running
You will not have been running
They will not have been running
Вопрос
Will you have been running?
Will he have been running?
Will she have been running?
Will it have been running?
Will we have been running?
Will you have been running?
Will they have been running?
Run in conditional present
Утверждение
He would run
She would run
It would run
Отрицание
He would not run
She would not run
It would not run
Вопрос
Would he run?
Would she run?
Would it run?
Run in conditional present progressive
Утверждение
He would be running
She would be running
It would be running
Отрицание
He would not be running
She would not be running
It would not be running
They would not be running
Вопрос
Would he be running?
Would she be running?
Would it be running?
Run in conditional perfect
Утверждение
He would have run
She would have run
It would have run
Отрицание
He would not have run
She would not have run
It would not have run
Вопрос
Would he have run?
Would she have run?
Would it have run?
Run in conditional perfect progressive
Утверждение
I would have been running
You would have been running
He would have been running
She would have been running
It would have been running
We would have been running
You would have been running
They would have been running
Отрицание
I would not have been running
You would not have been running
He would not have been running
She would not have been running
It would not have been running
We would not have been running
You would not have been running
They would not have been running
Вопрос
Would I have been running?
Would you have been running?
Would he have been running?
Would she have been running?
Would it have been running?
Таблица неправильных глаголов английского языка
Неправильные глаголы в английском языке – это глаголы, имеющие особые формы прошедшего времени (Past Simple) и причастия прошедшего времени (Past Participle). Среди них встречаются как очень употребительные (feel – чувствовать, speak – говорить), так и редкие (cleave – рассекать, forswear – отрекаться). В таблицах ниже приведены употребительные неправильные глаголы.
Таблица неправильных глаголов английского языка
Несмотря на то что неправильные глаголы изменяются по-особому, в них все же есть некоторая закономерность. В таблице ниже глаголы даны с переводом и транскрипцией и распределены по признаку совпадения форм:
- Глаголы ААА – все три формы одинаковые (cut – cut – cut, резать).
- Глаголы АВА – совпадают 1ая и 3я формы (run – ran – run, бегать).
- Глаголы АВВ – совпадают 2ая и 3я формы (teach – taught – taught, учить).
- Глаголы АВС – все формы разные (know – knew – known, знать).
Внутри таблицы слова распределены не по алфавиту, а по частотности, т. е. чем выше слово, тем оно чаще употребляется. К таблицам прилагаются pdf-файлы – их можно распечатать, наклеить на картон и вырезать карточки для заучивания слов.
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| Глаголы типа ААА: одинаковые в трех формах Скачать PDF | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Перевод | Infinitive | Past Simple | Past Participle |
| класть | put [put] | put [put] | put [put] |
| позволять | let [let] | let [let] | let [let] |
| резать | cut [kʌt] | cut [kʌt] | cut [kʌt] |
| ставить (устанавливать) | set [set] | set [set] | set [set] |
| делать ставку | bet [bet] | bet [bet] | bet [bet] |
| бросать (отливать металл) | cast [ka:st] | cast [ka:st] | cast [ka:st] |
| стоить | cost [cɔst] | cost [cɔst] | cost [cɔst] |
| бить | hit [hit] | hit [hit] | hit [hit] |
| причинять боль | hurt [hз:t] | hurt [hз:t] | hurt [hз:t] |
| вязать | knit [nɪt] | knit [nɪt] | knit [nɪt] |
| прекращать | quit [kwit] | quit [kwit] | quit [kwit] |
| распространять | spread [spred] | spread [spred] | spread [spred] |
| Глаголы типа АBA: совпадают формы 1 и 3 Скачать PDF | |||
| бежать | run [rʌn] | ran [ræn] | run [rʌn] |
| приходить | come [kʌm] | came [keim] | come [kʌm] |
| становиться | become [bi:kʌm] | became [bi:keim] | become [bi:kʌm] |
| Глаголы типа ABB: совпадают формы 2 и 3 Скачать PDF | |||
| читать | read [riːd] | read [red] | read [red] |
| учить (получать знания) | learn [lз:n] | learnt [lз:nt] (learned) | learnt [lз:nt] (learned) |
| думать | think [θiŋk] | thought [θɔ:t] | thought [θɔ:t] |
| учить (обучать) | teach [ti:tʃ] | taught [tɔ:t] | taught [tɔ:t] |
| пахнуть (чувствовать запах) | smell [smel] | smelt [smelt] | smelt [smelt] |
| слышать | hear [hiə] | heard [hз:d] | heard [hз:d] |
| держать | hold [hould] | held [held] | held [held] |
| приносить | bring [briŋ] | brought [brɔ:t] | brought [brɔ:t] |
| стоять | stand [stænd] | stood [stu:d] | stood [stu:d] |
| терять (проигрывать) | lose [lu:z] | lost [lɔst] | lost [lɔst] |
| встречать | meet [mi:t] | met [met] | met [met] |
| вести | lead [li:d] | led [led] | led [led] |
| понимать | understand [ʌndə’stænd] | understood [ʌndə’stud] | understood [ʌndə’stud] |
| побеждать | win [win] | won [wʌn] | won [wʌn] |
| покупать | buy [bai] | bought [bɔ:t] | bought [bɔ:t] |
| отправлять | send [send] | sent [sent] | sent [sent] |
| продавать | sell [sel] | sold [sould] | sold [sould] |
| ловить | catch [kætʃ] | caught [kɔ:t] | caught kɔ:t] |
| драться | fight [fait] | fought [fɔ:t] | fought [fɔ:t] |
| класть (укладывать) | lay [lei] | laid [leid] | laid [leid] |
| сидеть | sit [sit] | sat [sæt] | sat [sæt] |
| связывать | bind [baind] | bound [baund] | bound [baund] |
| кровоточить | bleed [bli:d] | bled [bled] | bled [bled] |
| строить | build [bild] | built [bilt] | built [bilt] |
| гореть | burn [bз:n] | burnt [bз:nt] | burnt [bз:nt] |
| иметь дело | deal [diːl] | dealt [delt] | dealt [delt] |
| копать | dig [dɪg] | dug [dʌg] | dug [dʌg] |
| кормить | feed [fi:d] | fed [fed] | fed [fed] |
| вешать | hang [hæŋ] | hung [hʌŋ] | hung [hʌŋ] |
| прятать | hide [haɪd] | hid [hɪd] | hidden [‘hɪdn] |
| прислоняться | lean [li:n] | leant (leaned) [lent] | leant (leaned) [lent] |
| одалживать (кому-то) | lend [lend] | lent [lent] | lent [lent] |
| освещать | light [lait] | lit [lit] | lit [lit] |
| ехать верхом | ride [raɪd] | rode [roud] | ridden [‘rɪdn] |
| шить | sew [sou] | sewed [soud] | sewed (sewn) [soud] |
| писать или говорить по буквам | spell [spel] | spelt [spelt] | spelt [spelt] |
| проливать | spill [spɪl] | spilt [spɪlt] | spilt [spɪlt] |
| плевать | spit [spɪt] | spat [spæt] (spit) | spat (spit) [spæt] |
| портить | spoil [spoɪl] | spoilt [spoɪlt] | spoilt [spoɪlt] |
| втыкать | stick [stik] | stuck [stʌk] | stuck [stʌk] |
| ударять | strike [straɪk] | struck [strʌk] | struck [strʌk] |
| подметать | sweep [swi:p] | swept [swept] | swept [swept] |
| плакать | weep [wi:p] | wept [wept] | wept [wept] |
| закручивать | wind [waınd] | wound [waund] | wound [waund] |
| Глаголы типа ABC: все формы разные Скачать PDF | |||
| идти | go [gou] | went [went] | gone [gɔn] |
| знать | know [nou] | knew [nju:] | known [noun] |
| брать | take [teik] | took [tuk] | taken [‘teik(ə)n] |
| видеть | see [si:] | saw [sɔ:] | seen [si:n] |
| давать | give [giv] | gave [geiv] | given [givn] |
| писать | write [rait] | wrote [rout] | written [‘ritn] |
| говорить | speak [spi:k] | spoke [spouk] | spoken [‘spouk(e)n] |
| вести машину | drive [draiv] | drove [drouv] | driven [‘drivn] |
| ломать | break [breik] | broke [brouk] | broken [‘brouk(e)n] |
| носить (одежду) | wear [wɛə] | wore [wɔ:] | worn [wɔ:n] |
| есть | eat [i:t] | ate [et] | eaten [‘i:tn] |
| пить | drink [driŋk] | drank [dræŋk] | drunk [drʌŋk] |
| рисовать (тянуть) | draw [drɔ:] | drew [dru:] | drawn [drɔ:n] |
| красть | steal [sti:l] | stole [stoul] | stolen [‘stəulən] |
| бросать | throw [θrəu] | threw [θru:] | thrown [θrəun] |
| дуть | blow [blou] | blew [blu:] | blown [bloun] |
| падать | fall [fɔ:l] | fell [fel] | fallen [‘fɔ:lən] |
| начинать | begin [bi’gin] | began [bi’gæn] | begun [bi’gʌn] |
| забывать | forget [fə’get] | forgot [fə’gɔt] | forgotten [fə’gɔt(ə)n] |
| прощать | forgive [fo’giv] | forgave [fo’geiv] | forgiven [fo’givn] |
| летать | fly [flai] | flew [flu:] | flown [floun] |
| замерзать (замораживать) | freeze [fri:z] | froze [frouz] | frozen [‘frouzn] |
| расти | grow [grou] | grew [gru:] | grown [groun] |
| звонить | ring [riŋ] | rang [ræŋ] | rung [rʌŋ] |
| трясти | shake [ʃeik] | shook [ʃuk] | shaken [‘ʃeik(ə)n] |
| петь | sing [siŋ] | sang [sæŋ] | sung [sʌŋ] |
| вонять | stink [stɪŋk] | stank [stræŋk] (stunk) | stunk [stʌŋk] |
| стараться | strive [straɪv] | strove [strəuv] | striven [‘strɪvn] |
| клясться | swear [sweə] | swore [swɔ:] | sworn [swɔ:n] |
| рвать | tear [tɛə] | tore [tɔ:] | torn [tɔ:n] |
| пробуждать | wake [weik] | woke [wouk] | woken [‘wouk(e)n] |
Обратите внимание на слова read и wind. Во 2-ой и 3-ей формах read читается как [red]. А глагол wind [waınd] – закручивать, нельзя путать с существительным wind [wınd] – ветер.
Десять самых основных неправильных глаголов
Из числа употребительных неправильных глаголов можно выделить самые основные. Их нужно знать в первую очередь. Начните учить глаголы с них, а не в алфавитном порядке. Выучить их можно буквально за 5 – 10 минут.
| Перевод | Infinitive (1-ая форма) | Past Simple (2-ая форма) | Past Participle (3-я форма) |
|---|---|---|---|
| идти | go [gou] | went [went] | gone [gɔn] |
| знать | know [nou] | knew [nju:] | known [noun] |
| думать | think [θiŋk] | thought [θɔ:t] | thought [θɔ:t] |
| брать | take [teik] | took [tuk] | taken [‘teik(ə)n] |
| видеть | see [si:] | saw [sɔ:] | seen [si:n] |
| давать | give [giv] | gave [geiv] | given [givn] |
| писать | write [rait] | wrote [rout] | written [‘ritn] |
| говорить | speak [spi:k] | spoke [spouk] | spoken [‘spouk(e)n] |
| слышать | hear [hiə] | heard [hз:d] | heard [hз:d] |
| покупать | buy [bai] | bought [bɔ:t] | bought [bɔ:t] |
Эти глаголы нужно выучить в первую очередь
Примечания:
- Со временем некоторые глаголы из неправильных уже практически превратились в правильные. Например, даже в не очень старых учебниках написано, что глагол to work – неправильный, он имеет формы: work – wrought – wrought. Сейчас форма wrought почти не используется, разве что в устоявшихся выражениях вроде “wrought iron” (кованое железо), поэтому я не включил ее в эту таблицу.
- Глаголы to learn (учить), to lean (прислоняться) тоже чаще используются как правильные: learned, leaned, особенно в США.
- Обратите внимание на формы read [ri:d] – read [red] – read [red]. Слово пишется одинаково, а читается по-разному.
- Не путайте глагол wind [waınd] (закручивать) и существительное wind [wınd] – ветер. Они одинаково пишутся, но имеют разное произношение и значения.
- В британском варианте глаголы sew произносится как [sju:], в американском как [səu].
- В эту таблицу не вошли три самых употребительных глагола в английском языке (все три неправильные), которым посвящены отдельные статьи, – это глаголы to be, to have, to do.
Меня зовут Сергей Ним, я автор сайта langformula.ru и книг по английскому языку.
Друзья! Меня часто спрашивают, но я сейчас не занимаюсь репетиторством. Если вам нужен учитель, рекомендую этот чудесный сайт . Здесь вы найдете преподавателя, носителя языка😛 или не носителя, на любой случай и карман😄 Я сам прошел там более 100 занятий, рекомендую попробовать и вам!
Источник статьи: http://langformula.ru/english-grammar/irregular-verbs-list/