Иностранный язык (стр. 7 )
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7. железнодорожное полотно
III. Найдите правильный эквивалент:
IV. Найдите правильный эквивалент:
поезд дальнего следования
V. Найдите правильный перевод данного предложения:
The underground appeared in Paris later than in London.
7. Первая подземная железная дорога была построена в Лондоне.
8. Метро в Париже появилось раньше, чем в Лондоне.
9. Метро в Париже появилось позже, чем в Лондоне. *
ТЕСТ КОНТРОЛЯ САМОСТОЯТЕЛЬНОЙ РАБОТЫ
для студентов технических специальностей и направлений
II. Из приведённых ниже глагольных форм выберите неопределённую форму глагола (инфинитив).
III. Укажите время и залог сказуемого в предложении.
He has been offered a very interesting job.
2) Present Perfect Passive *
IV. Укажите, в каком предложении глагол to have является модальным.
1) Our scientists are making wonderful discoveries.
2) They are shown the way to the station.
3) Students are to attend lectures and seminars. *
V. Определите, какой модальный глагол нужно употребить в приведённом предложении.
Я могу говорить по-английски.
VI. Выберите правильный вариант перевода английского сложного предложения на русский язык, учитывая правило согласования времён.
We did not know where she would live.
1) Мы не знали, где она будет жить. *
2) Мы не знаем, где она будет жить.
3) Мы не знали, где она живет.
VII. Выберите правильный вариант перевода английского сложного предложения на русский язык, учитывая союзное и бессоюзное подчинение.
Here are the books he gave us.
1) Вот книги, которые он даст нам.
2) Вот книги, которые он нам даёт.
3) Вот книги, которые он дал нам. *
VIII. Определите, какую функцию выполняет причастие.
Having finished the translation he typed it.
IX. Выберите правильный вариант перевода английского причастия на русский язык.
When asked he refused to answer the question.
1) Когда его спросили, он отказался отвечать на вопрос. *
2) Когда его спрашивают, он отказывается отвечать на вопрос.
3) Его спросили, он отказался отвечать на вопрос.
X. В английском предложении найдите независимый причастный оборот и выберите правильный вариант перевода на русский язык.
The scientists having completed the analytical work, they worked out the plan of experiments.
1) Закончив аналитическую работу, учёные разработали план эксперимента.
2) Когда учёные закончили аналитическую работу, они разработали план эксперимента. *
3) Учёные закончили аналитическую работу и разработали план эксперимента.
Прочитайте текст и выполните задание.
METRO BUILDERS IN SIBERIA
More than a hundred Muscovites helped to build Siberia’s first underground rail line (nine kilometres and five stations) in Novosibirsk. Muscovites took part in designing and putting together the tunnel shields and the building of the tunnels and the stations. The weather is freezing here, and since the granite and marble finishing slabs for the stations were frozen, we’ve got to warm them before they can be used. Before our work crew came to Siberia, we had worked at Metro projects all over the country, and nowhere else did we meet so many difficulties as we met here. The average annual temperature in Novosibirsk is below the freezing point, but we didn’t realize how many problems that would pose. For example before starting the finishing work for the stations’ surface entrances we had to build heated shelters for them. Generally speaking, much of the work we did here during the winter is usually done in summer at other Metro projects. The summer here is very short and if we followed the usual practice, we would have dragged out the construction for another five years.
Builders from different places also worked on the project, since it is usual for Metro builders to pool efforts when a city undertakes such a major project. When we’re through with our work here we’ll go back to Moscow. And we’ll return to Siberia because there are blueprints for the construction of Metro also in Omsk, Krasnoyarsk and Irkutsk.
I. Who helped to build Siberia’s first underground line?
2. some one hundred Muscovites
3. more than one hundred Muscovites and builders from different places *
II. What difficulties did the builders met there?
2. the shortage of granite and marble finishing slabs
III. When did the builders do much of the work?
1. in spring, summer and autumn
IV. How many years would the builders have dragged out the construction for, if they followed the usual practice?
V. Are there blueprints for the Metro construction anywhere else in Siberia?
1. Yes, there are blueprints for Metro in Omsk, Krasnoyarsk and Irkutsk. *
2. No, there are not. It is a labor-intensive construction.
Лексика (железнодорожные термины)
IV. Найдите правильный эквивалент:
11. место работы; должность
II. Найдите правильный эквивалент:
III. Найдите правильный эквивалент:
IV. Найдите правильный эквивалент:
V. Найдите правильный перевод данного предложения:
Many stations needed rebuilding and there was a shortage of rolling stock.
10. Многие станции следует реконструировать, и надо решить проблему дефицита подвижного состава.
11. Многие станции нуждаются в реконструкции и испытывают недостаток подвижного состава.
12. Многие станции нуждались в реконструкции и испытывали нехватку подвижного состава. *
Контрольная работа №1 (вариант 1)
1. Определите время предложений и переведите их:
1. The growing importance of automatic in industry attracts world-wide attention.
2. This discovery made possible the invention of the telegraph.
3. The builders will have built the new railway station by the end of the year.
4. While he was reading, I was preparing for my exam in history.
5. The scientist has visited our laboratory several times.
2. Переведите предложения, обращая внимание на различные функции глаголов to have и to be:
that time the University had already trained many young specialists.
2. It is the work which we have to do.
3. This town has a new railway station.
4. I am to become a good engineer.
5. Our students are translating this text now.
6. Colleges in England are places where the students live, study and have meals together.
3. Образуйте наречие от прилагательного high, образуйте существительные от глаголов: to develop, to improve; переведите их на русский язык.
4. Переведите текст с помощью словаря.
It was the year 1863 when 30.000 Londoners used a new mode of travel – the first underground railway in the world. The first train covered the distance of almost four miles.
At first the carriages were “blind” and the trains were cable operated. Then appeared small electric trains. Now, a hundred and a half years later, the London Underground carries two million passengers every day over its 244 miles of route with their 263 stations.
Now it has been claimed that the London Tube is the safest form of transport. Safety was always one of the main concerns of London transport. Automatic signaling is operated by the trains themselves. A programmer machine controls routes.
Cable operated — двигались по кабелю
Tube- метрополитен (в Лондоне)
Контрольная работа №1 (вариант 2)
1. Определите время предложений и переведите их:
1. Television now plays an important part in our life.
2. Tomorrow at this time we shall be having a lesson in English.
3. The engineer has installed a new electronic computer this month.
4. They worked together constantly and discussed many problems of their research.
5. They had finished their experiment with good results.
2. Переведите предложения, обращая внимания на различные функции глаголов to have и to be:
1. The scientists have the most effective instruments for their scientific work.
2. His task is to translate this text.
3. We are to finish our work in a month.
4. The builders have to work hard in order to finish the construction of the new school by the end of August.
5. A few students of our Institute have taken part in the International Conference in London this week.
3. Образуйте прилагательное от существительного power, образуйте существительные от глаголов: to inform, to operate; переведите их на русский язык.
4. Переведите текст с помощью словаря:
New York is not a very old city. It was founded some three hundred years ago.
New York, the largest city in the U. S., is situated in the mouth of the Hudson River. The centre of New York is Manhattan Island, which at the same time is the oldest part of the city.
New York, one of the leading U. S. industrial cities, is the home of big firms, corporations and banks.
The mouth of the Hudson River makes an excellent harbour with different kinds of ships.
Most of the sky-scrapers house banks and offices of different firms.
Manhattan is the centre of business life, with its well-know Broadway, Wall Street and the Stock Exchange. This is the financial district.
Stock Exchange — фондовая биржа
1.Определить время предложений и переведите их.
1. Railway engineers solved complex technical problems.
2. The carriage will have many plastic, aluminium and wooden parts which lighten the weight of the rolling stock.
3. At present this plant is producing a new type of electric locomotive.
4. At 8 o’clock tomorrow we shall be preparing for a very important experiment.
5. Our plant has already produced equipment for chemical laboratories.
2. Переведите предложения, обращая внимание на различные функции глаголов to have и to be:
1. The freight cars will have maximum speed up to 100 km/h in the nearest few years.
2. The student had to be more careful with a new device.
3. My friend will be a railway engineer in some years.
4. Some new tracks were built on this railroad.
5. The train is to arrive at 3 o’clock.
6. We have never tried to solve this problem.
3. Образуйте прилагательное от существительного science, образуйте существительные от глаголов to construct, to contribute, переведите их на русский язык.
4. Переведите текст с помощью словаря.
The specific territorial, geographic and climatic conditions of our country and big volumes of freight and passenger traffic over long distances make high requirements to the development and operation of the transport system.
This system embraces rail, river, sea, motor, pipeline and air transport. Railway transport has always been the main method of transportation in this country and distinguished by a high carrying capacity, relatively low transportation costs, high speed and regularity of deliveries. Besides, it is weather-proof and can be developed throughout the whole territory of the country and ensures access to the majority of industrial enterprises and construction projects.
Weather-proof- защищенный от непогоды
Контрольная работа №1 (вариант 4)
1. Определите время предложений и переведите их:
1. This engineer worked at a research Institute.
2. The Russian scientists contributed to the development of railway transport.
3. Railways have always been the main means of transportation.
4. At six o’clock tomorrow they will be approaching Kiev.
5. We were waiting for you at five o’clock yesterday at the railway station.
2. Переведите предложения, обращая внимание на различные функции глаголов to have и to be:
1. Our University has no hostel.
2. Students have to attend lectures and seminars.
3. Our teachers are to go to Moscow for a conference next week.
4. They are discussing an interesting problem now.
5. She has never been to London.
6. They will be specialists in some years.
3. Образуйте существительные от глаголов to produce, to calculate, образуйте наречия от прилагательного constant и переведите их на русский язык.
4. Переведите текст с помощью словаря.
For hundreds of years men were building bridges over fast flowing rivers. Early a man probably got the idea of a bridge from a tree fallen across a stream. A simple bridge was made by an early man by means of ropes, and it is still used in countries such as Tibet. All these bridge made possible crossings only over narrow rivers. The type of temporary floating bridges, the Pantoon Bridge, has been used for military purposes.
With the coming of the railway in the 19-th century there was a great demand for bridges. The first railway bridges were built of stone and brick.
The next important development in bridge building was the use of iron and later steel.
A floating bridge-понтонный мост
Контрольная работа №1 (вариант 5)
1. Определите время предложений и переведите их:
1. We shall finish our work before the engineer comes.
2. The scientists have already presented a new method of solution of this problem.
3. This plant will produce a new type of computers.
4. The students will be translating this article from 9 till 10 o’clock in the morning.
5. They were working here all day long yesterday.
2. Переведите предложения, обращая внимание на различные функции глаголов to have и to be:
1. Newton was an outstanding scientist of the 17-th century.
2. We are thinking of new methods of construction and transportation.
3. Extra-mural students will have to take the examination in physics in the first year.
4. The workers had laid the new line by the end of the year.
5. They have no lectures today.
6. The designers are to discuss the new project of a bridge at two o’clock today.
3. Образуйте существительные от глаголов to transport, to develop; образуйте наречие от прилагательного direct и переведите их на русский язык.
4. Переведите текст с помощью словаря.
When people speak about higher education in Britain they are generally speaking of University education. The two oldest Universities in England are Oxford and Cambridge. These date from the Middle Ages. The education at classical British Universities is centered more on general culture than on professional training or specialization.
While in Oxford and Cambridge there are a number of separate colleges, each with their own regulations and courses of study. The new Universities are divided into various faculties. In each faculty there may be a number of departments teaching separate subjects, though often these departments may have the status of faculties because of high reputation.
The colleges of Oxford and Cambridge, however, are essentially residential institution and they mainly use a tutorial method.
Residential institution — учебное заведение закрытого типа, интернат
Контрольная работа №1 (вариант 6)
1. Определите время предложений и переведите их:
1. Every year we build many new houses in Moscow.
2. The scientist was making a very interesting experiment when we entered the laboratory.
3. The engineers have installed a new electronic computer this month.
4. The workers will be working in the coach yard all day long tomorrow.
5. The railway builders laid a new line last year.
2. Переведите предложения, обращая внимание на различные функции глаголов to have и to be:
1. Our industry will be applying still more plastics in future.
2. The importance of scientific research is growing with every year.
3. They were preparing for their examination all day long yesterday.
4. They’ll have to stay late in the office.
5. Have they got a telegram from their manager?
3. Образуйте прилагательное от существительного power, образуйте существительные от глаголов to inform, to operate; переведите их на русский язык.
4. Переведите текст с помощью словаря:
The world’s first nuclear-power station is at Obninsk not far from Moscow. It began to generate electricity many years ago. This first atomic power station was followed by many other stations including the Beloyarskaya A. P.S. in the Urals which is 60 times more powerful. The front wall of the tall building carries a portrait of academician Kurchatov, one of the founders of the atomic industry. The Beloyarskaya Station bears his name. The central control hall is the brain of the station where information comes in about the technological processes and the operation of the reactor. From this place engineers control the turbines.
Контрольная работа №1 (вариант №7)
1. Определите время предложений и переведите их.
1. This generator produces a great amount of energy.
2. This engineer worked at a research Institute.
3. The railwaymen are paying particular attention to smooth running of trains.
4. At six o’clock tomorrow they will be approaching Kiev.
5. We were waiting for you yesterday at five o’clock at the railway station.
2. Переведите предложения, обращая внимания на различные функции глаголов to have и to be.
1. This electric locomotive has the highest efficiency.
2. An important technical development in the field of electric haulage is the use of alternating current (A. C.) system.
3. Our scientists have made great contribution to world science.
4. This express train has to leave at six.
5. Most of the streets in London are not very wide.
3. Образуйте существительные от глаголов to produce, to calculate, образуйте наречия от прилагательного constant и переведите их на русский язык.
4. Переведите текст с помощью словаря.
The future plant will not have shops which constantly give off smoke and dust. It may be built in the center of the residential district. The future plant will have only two buildings: the production and engineering building. The walls will be of concrete and glass. Electric cars will transport goods. The work will be done automatically. It will be enough to push one or another button and the conveyer will take goods to any point of the assembly section. All the information about the production and technical work of the plant will flow to the central dispatcher’s puters will do mathematical calculations.
Assembly section — сборочный цех
Контрольная работа№1 (вариант№8)
1.Определите время предложений и переведите их:
1. In recent years the railwaymen repaired hundreds kilometers of tracks.
2. The number of electrified lines is increasing all the time.
3. He will take his examination on physics next month.
4. Every year our railway transport carries millions of tons of cargo.
5. The designers have already made different improvements in the construction of locomotives.
2. Переведите предложения, обращая внимание на различные функции глаголов to have и to be.
1. The workers were inspecting the new passenger car from 2 till 5 o’clock yesterday.
2. He has graduated from the extra-mural Institute this year.
monwealth of Independent States (СНГ) has greater length of electrified lines than any other country.
4. I’ll have to be there a bit earlier.
5. She is to make a report at the conference.
3. Образуйте наречие от прилагательного clear, существительные от глаголов to translate, to press; переведите их на русский язык.
4. Переведите текст с помощью словаря:
From the history of railway construction in Russia
In the eighties of the XIX-th century Russia factories were already meeting all requirements for locomotives and rolling stock. The greatest increase in railway construction began in the nineties of the XIX-th century; since 1890 to 1900 more than 11.000 miles of railways were 1913 the railway network consisted of 25 state lines and 13 private lines belonging to different companies. Although the Russian railway system was the largest in Europe, it was inadequate in relation to the territory and to the requirements of the national economy, and the distribution of railway lines was uneven over the country.
Meet requirements — удовлетворять потребности
Rolling stock — подвижной состав
Контрольная работа №1 (вариант 9)
1. Определите время предложений и переведите их:
1. Every year railway transport of our country carries millions of passengers.
2. Construction workers were building a new railway station for 2 years.
3. The day will come when spaceships fly to other planets.
4. We shall use the results of this experiment in our work.
5. The delegation of this republic has already taken an active part in the conference.
2. Переведите предложения, обращая внимание на различные функции глаголов to have и to be.
1. At present our scientists are working on traction problems.
2. The students have already discussed the questions of their practical training.
3. You have to contact manufacturers of railway cars.
4. The express train was to arrive in two hours.
5. He was to come at 10, but he hasn’t come yet.
3. Образуйте существительные от глаголов to achieve, to conduct, образуйте прилагательное от существительного use, переведите их на русский язык.
4. Переведите текст с помощью словаря.
Some years go one of the research institutes of our country designed a television apparatus. We use it in railway transport to record the serial numbers of freight cars arriving at a station. As a train pulls in at a station, somewhere at a distance of ten kilometers an operator sees this train on the screen of his television set. On another television set the operator can see all the railway lines in a station.
The Central Research Institute of the Ministry of Railways is designing a new television apparatus which will enable engine drivers «to see» the condition of the freight car even when it is dark.
Serial number — серийный номер
Контрольная работа №1 (вариант 10)
1. Определите время предложений и переведите их:
1. Our scientists are solving important problems of mathematics, chemistry, electronics, medicine and biology.
2. The flow of electrons in one direction results in an electric current.
3. Petersburg has already maintained close contacts with other countries.
4. In 1984, the entire Baikal-Amur Mainline project went into working operation.
5. During the flight the astronauts will be observing the Earth and the sky.
2. Переведите предложения, обращая внимание на различные функции глаголов to have и to be.
1. We are building a new railway line in this region.
2. This diagram has already helped them to solve this problem.
3. The use of alternating current (A. C.) is more economical than direct current (D. С.).
4. You have to go to the station at once.
5. He was to sign a contract with the firm.
3. Образуйте прилагательное от существительного atom, существительные о прилагательных active, dark; переведите их на русский язык.
4. Переведите текст с помощью словаря.
There are many stations in the Metro; their surface buildings and underground halls are spacious, well ventilated and well lit. They differ widely in architectural design and have decorations of marble, bronze, aluminum and glass. The present Metro coaches are much better than the early ones. They are considerably lighter in weight, and the seats are soft. Muscovites and the visitors to the city do not wait long for trains, because the interval between them is always short.
The Moscow Metro is developing rapidly. The capital is growing and new lines will continue to appear.
Контрольная я работа №2 (вариант 1)
1. Определите время и залог сказуемых, предложения переведите.
1. The contract has just been signed.
2. A new railway is being built in this region.
3. Everything will have been done when you come back.
4. The meeting will be attended by many people.
2. Определите функцию причастий и переведите предложения.
1. The question discussed at the last meeting is of great importance for us.
2. People beginning to study languages have to memorize many words.
3. Testing the engine the engineer applied new methods.
4. Unless discussed, this new method must not be used.
3. Подчеркните модальные глаголы или их эквиваленты. Предложения переведите.
1. Electronic computers can carry out thousands of arithmetic operations in a second.
2. I shall be able to do this work tomorrow.
3. The samples are to be analysed at our laboratory.
4. Переведите текст с помощью словаря.
The railroad track differs from other kinds of roads. It has a raised track for its cars and locomotives. Some railroads have two or several tracks. On each track all trains usually move in one direction. In order to make trains pass from one track to another there is a switch. It is a necessary part ot the track. The distance between the rails is called the “gauge” of the railroad. Railroad rails differ in size and weight. We use the heaviest rail on trunk lines. These lines carry the largest volume of freight and passenger traffic.
Ballast is also a very important element in track construction. For many years engineers thought of concrete as the material for sleepers.
trunk line- магистральная линия
in order to — для того чтобы
Контрольная работа №2 (2 вариант)
1. Определите время и залог сказуемого, предложения переведите.
1. The track is being repaired now
2. The electric lamp has been invented in Russia.
3. The work had been finished when we came.
4. The letter was answered a week ago.
2. Определить функцию причастий и переведите предложения.
1. Creating new research institutes we develop our science.
2. The results of the experiment achieved in the laboratory must be checked once more.
3. People arriving in Moscow visit different places of interest.
3. Подчеркните модальные глаголы или их эквиваленты.
1. He will have to do this works tomorrow.
2. Electronic computer could free man’s brain from the labour of measurement and computation.
3. Modern railways will be able to carry a great volume of freight.
4. Переведите текст с помощью словаря.
The length of rails varies considerably in varies countries. The rail joint is the weakest parts of the track structure and railways have to use as long rails as possible. A limiting factor is the transportation of rails. Rails have to be of such length that they may be carried in the longest standard wagons. Very long rails cannot be handled by manual labour, and special handling devices, such as cranes, are necessary. Longer rails increase the comfort of passengers. Now the rails can be laid per day. Many countries are carrying out investigations of welding processes. Long welded rails are now widely used in every country of the world.
rail joint — рельсовый стык
track structure-верхнее строение пути
handling device-погрузочно-разгрузочное устройство
Контрольная работа №2 (вариант 3)
1. Определите время предложений и переведите их:
1. Television now plays an important part in our life.
2. Tomorrow at this time we shall be having a lesson in English.
3. The engineer has installed a new electronic computer this month.
4. They worked together constantly and discussed many problems of their research.
5. They had finished their experiment with good results.
2. Переведите предложения, обращая внимания на различные функции глаголов to have и to be:
1. The scientists have the most effective instruments for their scientific work.
2. His task is to translate this text.
3. We are to finish our work in a month.
4. The builders have to work hard in order to finish the construction of the new school by the end of August.
5. A few students of our Institute have taken part in the International Conference in London this week.
3. Образуйте прилагательное от существительного power, образуйте существительные от глаголов: to inform, to operate; переведите их на русский язык.
4. Переведите текст с помощью словаря:
New York is not a very old city. It was founded some three hundred years ago.
New York, the largest city in the U. S., is situated in the mouth of the Hudson River. The centre of New York is Manhattan Island, which at the same time is the oldest part of the city.
New York, one of the leading U. S. industrial cities, is the home of big firms, corporations and banks.
The mouth of the Hudson River makes an excellent harbour with different kinds of ships.
Most of the sky-scrapers house banks and offices of different firms.
Manhattan is the centre of business life, with its well-know Broadway, Wall Street and the Stock Exchange. This is the financial district.
Stock Exchange — фондовая биржа
1. Определите время и залог сказуемых, предложения переведите.
1. They are being given detailed instructions now.
2. Many questions will have been discussed before they sign the contract.
3. Much information has been received with their help.
4. Radio was invented by Popov.
2. Определите функцию причастий и переведите предложения.
1. The plans proposed did not meet the requirements of our plant.
2. Reading such books you will improve your knowledge of this subject.
3. When heated, the substance changed its properties.
4. The students listening to the lecture are my friends.
3. Подчеркните модальные глаголы или их эквиваленты. Предложения переведите.
2. Electronic machines can be used for controlling production.
3. Translating the article you will be allowed to use a dictionary.
4. Переведите текст с помощью словаря.
From the Beginning of Railway Construction in Russian
The beginning of railway construction in Russian may be traced as far back as the second half of the 18th century. The country was awakening from the long slumber of the Middle Ages. Road building became closely connected with the development of the mining industry. Among the numerous works built in the Yrals the most important and the best equipped ones were the Kalivan-Voskrsensk Works. It was at those works that the first tram-ways in Russia were laid down to link the mines and the works.
K. D.Frolov, a highly trained foreman, was engaged in the construction of the track, and great ability and zeal were displayed by him in that work.
tram-ways- вагонеточные пути
Middle Ages — средние века
Контрольная работа №2 (5 вариант)
1.Определить время и залог сказуемых, предложения переведите.
1. The instructions are being typed now.
2. The plan of the work was discussed yesterday.
3. The tests have been already carried out.
4. The expedition had been given detailed instructions before it left for the North.
2. Определите функцию причастий и переведите предложения.
1. The girl explaining the use of the Present Indefinite Tense is our best student.
2. When heated, the substance increased its volume.
3. In England the weight of luggage allowed varies with different railways.
4. Illustrating the lecture the professor showed us some diagrams.
3. Подчеркните модальные глаголы или их эквиваленты.
puters can add, subtract, multiply and divide.
3. The students were allowed to use new computers in their work.
4. Переведите текс с помощью словаря:
Источник статьи: http://pandia.ru/text/78/313/44530-7.php