Спряжение глагола «to work» (Английский язык)
Глагол to work – правильный глагол в английском языке, в переводе на русский означает: работать, трудиться, действовать, заниматься, потрудиться и др..
| Infinitive | to work |
|---|---|
| Simple past | worked |
| Past participle | worked |
| -s | works |
| -ing | working |
Work in present simple
Утверждение
Отрицание
He does not work
She does not work
It does not work
Вопрос
Does he work?
Does she work?
Does it work?
Work in present continuous
Утверждение
He is working
She is working
It is working
Отрицание
He is not working
She is not working
It is not working
Вопрос
Is he working?
Is she working?
Is it working?
Work in present perfect
Утверждение
He has worked
She has worked
It has worked
Отрицание
He has not worked
She has not worked
It has not worked
Вопрос
Has he worked?
Has she worked?
Has it worked?
Work in present perfect continuous
Утверждение
He has been working
She has been working
It has been working
Отрицание
You have not been working
He has not been working
She has not been working
It has not been working
You have not been working
They have not been working
Вопрос
Has he been working?
Has she been working?
Has it been working?
Work in past simple
Утверждение
Отрицание
He did not work
She did not work
It did not work
Вопрос
Did he work?
Did she work?
Did it work?
Work in past continuous
Утверждение
He was working
She was working
It was working
Отрицание
He was not working
She was not working
It was not working
Вопрос
Was he working?
Was she working?
Was it working?
Work in past perfect
Утверждение
He had worked
She had worked
It had worked
Отрицание
He had not worked
She had not worked
It had not worked
Вопрос
Had he worked?
Had she worked?
Had it worked?
Work in past perfect continuous
Утверждение
He had been working
She had been working
It had been working
Отрицание
He had not been working
She had not been working
It had not been working
They had not been working
Вопрос
Had he been working?
Had she been working?
Had it been working?
Work in future simple
Утверждение
He will work
She will work
It will work
Отрицание
He will not work
She will not work
It will not work
Вопрос
Will he work?
Will she work?
Will it work?
Work in future continuous
Утверждение
He will be working
She will be working
It will be working
Отрицание
He will not be working
She will not be working
It will not be working
Вопрос
Will he be working?
Will she be working?
Will it be working?
Work in future perfect
Утверждение
He will have worked
She will have worked
It will have worked
Отрицание
He will not have worked
She will not have worked
It will not have worked
They will not have worked
Вопрос
Will he have worked?
Will she have worked?
Will it have worked?
Work in future perfect continuous
Утверждение
You will have been working
He will have been working
She will have been working
It will have been working
We will have been working
You will have been working
They will have been working
Отрицание
I will not have been working
You will not have been working
He will not have been working
She will not have been working
It will not have been working
We will not have been working
You will not have been working
They will not have been working
Вопрос
Will you have been working?
Will he have been working?
Will she have been working?
Will it have been working?
Will we have been working?
Will you have been working?
Will they have been working?
Work in conditional present
Утверждение
He would work
She would work
It would work
Отрицание
He would not work
She would not work
It would not work
Вопрос
Would he work?
Would she work?
Would it work?
Work in conditional present progressive
Утверждение
He would be working
She would be working
It would be working
Отрицание
He would not be working
She would not be working
It would not be working
They would not be working
Вопрос
Would he be working?
Would she be working?
Would it be working?
Work in conditional perfect
Утверждение
He would have worked
She would have worked
It would have worked
Отрицание
You would not have worked
He would not have worked
She would not have worked
It would not have worked
You would not have worked
They would not have worked
Вопрос
Would he have worked?
Would she have worked?
Would it have worked?
Work in conditional perfect progressive
Утверждение
I would have been working
You would have been working
He would have been working
She would have been working
It would have been working
We would have been working
You would have been working
They would have been working
Отрицание
I would not have been working
You would not have been working
He would not have been working
She would not have been working
It would not have been working
We would not have been working
You would not have been working
They would not have been working
Вопрос
Would I have been working?
Would you have been working?
Would he have been working?
Would she have been working?
Would it have been working?
Let’s Work! Глагол to work и его особенности в английском языке
Мы привыкли к тому, что наиболее распространенные в английской речи глаголы влекут за собой множество грамматических сложностей, поскольку являются неправильными. Глагол, который встречается изучающим английский язык в качестве одного из первых – глагол to work – является приятным исключением. Его базовое значение – «работать» — показывает его несомненную важность для речи, ведь работа – неотъемлемая часть жизни любого человека, а также дает ему возможность стать основой для множества фразовых глаголов, идиом и мудрых пословиц. Но обо всем по порядку! Итак, за работу!
Значения
Различные значения глагола to work довольно сложно назвать самостоятельными значениями, ведь большинство из них так или иначе связаны с его основным значением «работать»:
| 1. | работать, действовать, функционировать |
| 2. | заниматься, делать, вести |
| 3. | сработать, срабатывать |
| 4. | проработать, отработать |
| 5. | разрабатывать |
| 6. | обрабатывать |
| 7. | решать |
| 8. | ковать |
| 9. | заслужить |
| 10. | месить |
| 11. | причинять |
Грамматические особенности
Даже широкое распространение данного глагола в речи не помешало ему остаться в группе правильных глаголов. Поэтому представленные в таблице основные формы глагола to work отнюдь не требуют обязательного запоминания, ведь его вторая и третья формы получаются путем добавления к основе глагола стандартного окончания -ed:
| the Infinitive (инфинитив, начальная форма) | the Past Simple Tense (прошедшее простое время) | the Past Participle (причастие прошедшего времени) |
| to work | worked | worked |
| It is so pleasant to work at something you like. / Так приятно работать над тем, что ты любишь. | Jane worked at her project yesterday. / Джейн работала над своим проектом вчера. | We have already worked at this issue. / Мы уже работали над этим вопросом. |
В активном залоге глагол to work спрягается с опорой на правила образования временных форм. Примеры предложений в различных временных формах и формы глагола, соответствующие им, представлены в таблице, данной ниже:
| Simple | Continuous | Perfect | Perfect Continuous | |
| Present | the Present Simple Tense work / works She works from 9 to 5 five days a week. / Она работает с 9 до 5 пять дней в неделю. | the Present Continuous Tense am / is / are working Sorry! I can’t help you. I am working now. / Извини! Я не могу помочь тебе. Я сейчас работаю. | the Present Perfect Tense have / has worked I have already worked with these people. / Я уже работал с этими людьми. | the Present Perfect Continuous Tense have / has been working He has been working for this company for fifteen years. / Он работает на эту компанию уже пятнадцать лет. |
| Past | the Past Simple Tense Jim worked hard yesterday. / Джим вчера упорно работал. | the Past Continuous Tense was / were working As the boss entered the office everybody was working hard. / Когда начальник вошел в офис, все упорно работали. | the Past Perfect Tense When she asked me to help her I had already worked with homeless children, so I had some experience. / Когда она попросила меня о помощи, я уже успел поработать с бездомными детьми, поэтому опыт у меня был. | the Past Perfect Continuous Tense had been working When Jill’s grandfather retired he had already been working at that factory for twenty-five years. / Когда дедушка Джил вышел на пенсию, он уже проработал на той фабрике двадцать пять лет. |
| Future | the Future Simple Tense Alice will work for me next week. / Элис будет работать за меня на следующей неделе. . | the Future Continuous Tense will be working When the delegation comes everybody will be working at the decoration of the new kindergarten for the ceremonial opening. / Когда делегация прибудет, все будут работать над украшением нового детского сада к торжественному открытию. | the Future Perfect Tense will have worked I hope by the time I come back you will already have worked over this problem and will have found a way out. / Я надеюсь, что к тому времени, как я вернусь, вы уже проработаете эту проблему и найдете выход. | the Future Perfect Continuous Tense will have been working How long will you have been working at the design of this model? / Как долго ты еще будешь работать над дизайном этой модели? |
Прямое дополнение при данном глаголе часто отсутствует, что свидетельствует скорее о его непереходности , но в тех случаях, когда употребляется дополнение с предлогом, он часто проявляет признаки переходного глагола, а значит допускает употребление в страдательном залоге (только при наличии предлога). Наиболее распространенным предлогом при глаголе to work является предлог at – «работать над»:
| They are working at a very interesting article. | Они работают над очень интересной статьей. |
Формы страдательного залога данного глагола приведены ниже:
| Simple | Continuous | Perfect | Perfect Continuous | |
| Present | Such projects are always worked at with great interest. / Над такими проектами всегда работают с большим интересом. | The modern design of the library is being worked at very quickly. / Над современным оформлением библиотеки работают очень быстро. | Easy exercises have been worked at very quickly. / Над легкими упражнениями поработали очень быстро. | — |
| Past | Small projects on exotic animals were worked at with great interest and excitement yesterday. /Вчера с большим интересом и волнением работали над маленькими проектами об экзотических животных. | The modern design of the town hall was being worked at when we entered the studio. / Когда мы вошли в мастерскую, там работали над современным дизайном городской ратуши. | Easy exercises had been worked at before we went on with more difficult ones. / Над легкими упражнениями уже поработали, прежде чем мы перешли к более трудным. | — |
| Future | That great project will be worked at next year. / Над тем грандиозным проектом будут работать в следующем году. | — | Those easy exercises will have been worked at by the time they begin to do more difficult ones. / Над теми простыми упражнениями уже будет проведена работа к тому времени, как они начнут делать более сложные. | — |
Однако употребление глагола to work, как можно судить из приведенных выше предложений – скорее исключение, нежели правило, и встречаются подобные конструкции довольно редко.
Фразовые глаголы
| to work against | работать против кого-либо / чего-либо, вредить | Let’s work against our enemies together! | Давай вместе оказывать сопротивление нашим врагам! |
| to work away at | долго и упорно трудиться над чем-либо | He can work away at the issue he is concerned with. | Он может долго и упорно работать над вопросом, который его волнует. |
| to work around | обойти проблему, не решив; найти временное решение | It’s a pity but many governments and big corporations as well as small companies are trying to work around the problem of environment protection. | Жаль, но многие правительства и крупные корпорации, а также маленькие компании стараются всячески обойти проблему защиты окружающей среды. |
| to work for | работать на кого-либо | We have been working for the same organization for several months. | Мы проработали уже несколько месяцев на одну организацию. |
| to work in | соответствовать | The requirements are very strict but I try to work in. | Требования очень строгие, но я стараюсь им соответствовать. |
| добавить | Please work in this word. It is good for the slogan. | Пожалуйста, добавьте это слово. Оно хорошо для этого слогана. | |
| to work off | избавиться от последствий чего-либо; нивелировать эффект; выместить (злобу); освободиться, отработать что-либо (долги) | She went to the gym to work off the consequences of a rich sit down meal. | Она пошла в спортзал, чтобы избавиться от последствий обильного застолья. |
| to work on | работать над чем-либо; влиять на что-либо | Let’s work on your pronunciation. | Давай поработаем над твоим произношением. |
| to work out | вычислять | I’m trying to work out the percentage of the salts in this water. | Я пытаюсь вычислить процентное содержание солей в этой воде. |
| находить решение проблемы | We tried to work out a solution together. | Мы пытались вместе найти решение. | |
| тренироваться, заниматься физическими упражнениями | All his friends work out in the park regularly. | Все его друзья регулярно тренируются в парке. | |
| to work over | тщательно прорабатывать | She always works over every detail. | Она всегда тщательно прорабатывает каждую деталь. |
| напасть на кого-либо | The robbers worked him over in the dark street. | Грабители напали на него на темной улице. | |
| to work up | вырабатывать, подстрекать, вызывать | John and Marc were working up a strike at the factory. | Джон и Марк подстрекали к забастовке на фабрике. |
| to work oneself up | разнервничаться, заводиться, накручивать себя | Don’t work yourself up! It’s only an exam and not an apocalypse. | Не накручивай себя! Это только экзамен, а не конец света. |
| to work up to | постепенно дойти до какого-либо результата, постепенно приблизиться к чему-либо | We are working up to our objective. | Мы постепенно движемся к нашей цели. |
Идиомы (устойчивые выражения)
| Set to work! | За работу! | It’s nine o’clock now. Set to work! | Сейчас девять часов. За работу! |
| to work up to |
the collar
angle
high pressure
into a state
разозлиться
Запомните глагол to work, его формы и особенности употребления и он станет вашим хорошим помощником в работе над усовершенствованием ваших познаний в английском языке.
Источник статьи: http://1hello.ru/grammatika/lets-work-glagol-to-work-i-ego-osobennosti-v-anglijskom-yazyke.html