Спряжение глагола «to have» (Английский язык)
Глагол to have – неправильный глагол в английском языке, в переводе на русский означает: иметь, обладать; содержать; испытывать что-л.,подвергаться чему-л..
| Infinitive | to have |
|---|---|
| Simple past | had |
| Past participle | had |
| -s | has |
| -ing | having |
Have in present simple
Утверждение
Отрицание
He does not have
She does not have
It does not have
Вопрос
Does he have?
Does she have?
Does it have?
Have in present continuous
Утверждение
He is having
She is having
It is having
Отрицание
He is not having
She is not having
It is not having
Вопрос
Is he having?
Is she having?
Is it having?
Have in present perfect
Утверждение
He has had
She has had
It has had
Отрицание
He has not had
She has not had
It has not had
Вопрос
Has he had?
Has she had?
Has it had?
Have in present perfect continuous
Утверждение
He has been having
She has been having
It has been having
Отрицание
He has not been having
She has not been having
It has not been having
They have not been having
Вопрос
Has he been having?
Has she been having?
Has it been having?
Have in past simple
Утверждение
Отрицание
He did not have
She did not have
It did not have
Вопрос
Did he have?
Did she have?
Did it have?
Have in past continuous
Утверждение
He was having
She was having
It was having
Отрицание
He was not having
She was not having
It was not having
Вопрос
Was he having?
Was she having?
Was it having?
Have in past perfect
Утверждение
He had had
She had had
It had had
Отрицание
He had not had
She had not had
It had not had
Вопрос
Had he had?
Had she had?
Had it had?
Have in past perfect continuous
Утверждение
He had been having
She had been having
It had been having
Отрицание
He had not been having
She had not been having
It had not been having
Вопрос
Had he been having?
Had she been having?
Had it been having?
Have in future simple
Утверждение
He will have
She will have
It will have
Отрицание
He will not have
She will not have
It will not have
Вопрос
Will he have?
Will she have?
Will it have?
Have in future continuous
Утверждение
He will be having
She will be having
It will be having
Отрицание
He will not be having
She will not be having
It will not be having
Вопрос
Will he be having?
Will she be having?
Will it be having?
Have in future perfect
Утверждение
He will have had
She will have had
It will have had
Отрицание
He will not have had
She will not have had
It will not have had
Вопрос
Will he have had?
Will she have had?
Will it have had?
Have in future perfect continuous
Утверждение
You will have been having
He will have been having
She will have been having
It will have been having
You will have been having
They will have been having
Отрицание
I will not have been having
You will not have been having
He will not have been having
She will not have been having
It will not have been having
We will not have been having
You will not have been having
They will not have been having
Вопрос
Will you have been having?
Will he have been having?
Will she have been having?
Will it have been having?
Will you have been having?
Will they have been having?
Have in conditional present
Утверждение
He would have
She would have
It would have
Отрицание
He would not have
She would not have
It would not have
Вопрос
Would he have?
Would she have?
Would it have?
Have in conditional present progressive
Утверждение
He would be having
She would be having
It would be having
Отрицание
He would not be having
She would not be having
It would not be having
Вопрос
Would he be having?
Would she be having?
Would it be having?
Have in conditional perfect
Утверждение
He would have had
She would have had
It would have had
Отрицание
He would not have had
She would not have had
It would not have had
Вопрос
Would he have had?
Would she have had?
Would it have had?
Have in conditional perfect progressive
Утверждение
You would have been having
He would have been having
She would have been having
It would have been having
We would have been having
You would have been having
They would have been having
Отрицание
I would not have been having
You would not have been having
He would not have been having
She would not have been having
It would not have been having
We would not have been having
You would not have been having
They would not have been having
Вопрос
Would you have been having?
Would he have been having?
Would she have been having?
Would it have been having?
Глагол to have в английском языке
Спряжение глагола to have — см. таблицу.
Глагол to have имеет сокращенные формы в утвердительных предложениях в настоящем и прошедшем времени, когда он сливается с подлежащим, выраженным любым личным местоимением, или с подлежащим-существительным в 3 л. ед. ч. В отрицательных предложениях в настоящем и прошедшем времени он может сливаться с отрицательной частицей not, в которой выпадает буква о, и вместо нее употребляется апостроф.
Спряжение глагола have в Present Tense
| Утвердительная форма | Отрицательная форма | Вопросительная форма |
|---|---|---|
| I have (I’ve) | I have not (haven’t) | Have I? |
| you have (you’ve) | you have not (haven’t) | Have you? |
| he has (he’s) | he has not (hasn’t) | Has he? |
| she has (she’s) | she has not (hasn’t) | Has she? |
| it has (it’s) | it has not (hasn’t) | Has it? |
| we have (we’ve) | we have not (haven’t) | Have we? |
| you have (you’ve) | you have not (haven’t) | Have you? |
| they have (they’ve) | they have not (haven’t) | Have they? |
Для британского варианта английского языка характерно образование вопросительной и отрицательной форм с этим глаголом без вспомогательного глагола do, если имеются в виду единичные случаи (действия), и с помощью вспомогательного глагола do, если имеется в виду постоянное обладание (наличие). При этом в настоящем времени в первом случае в разговорной речи чаще употребляется конструкция с глаголом get.
Have you (got) time for a game of chess?
У вас (сейчас) есть время, чтобы сыграть в шахматы?
Have you (got) any brothers?
У вас есть братья?
Для американского варианта английского языка и вариантов, характерных для других англоязычных стран, во всех случаях предпочтительно употребление форм со вспомогательным глаголом do.
Например, там, где американец может сказать: Can you help me now? Do you have time?, англичанин скажет: Can you help me now? Have you got time?
В случаях, когда глагол have употребляется без вспомогательного глагола do, отрицательная форма образуется при нем при помощи отрицания not (в краткой форме haven’t) или отрицания по перед существительным, которое в данном случае употребляется без артикля.
Have you (got) a sister? — У вас есть сестра? —
No, I have not. Нет.
I have no sister. У меня нет сестры.
В 3-м лице единственного числа сокращения для глаголов be и have одинаковы, т. е. ‘s.
She’s a doctor. = She is a doctor.
She’s a book. = She has a book.
Спряжение глагола have в Past Tense
| Утвердительная форма | Отрицательная форма | Вопросительная форма |
|---|---|---|
| I had (I’d) | I had not (hadn’t) | Had I? |
| you had (you’d) | you had not (hadn’t) | Had you? |
| he had (he’d) | he had not (hadn’t) | Had he? |
| she had (she’d) | she had not (hadn’t) | Had she? |
| it had | it had not (hadn’t) | Had it? |
| we had (we’d) | we had not (hadn’t) | Had we? |
| you had (you’d) | you had not (hadn’t) | Had you? |
| they had (they’d) | they had not (hadn’t) | Had they? |
Употребление
Глагол to have употребляется:
- 1. В качестве самостоятельного глагола в значении «иметь», «обладать».
We have a summer cottage. У нас есть дача.
Как уже отмечалось выше, значение «иметь», «обладать» в британском варианте передает также сочетание have got.
I have (have got = I’ve got) an interesting book.
У меня интересная книга.
Have you got the latest newspaper? —
У тебя есть последний номер газеты (свежая газета)? —
No, I haven’t got it.
Нет, у меня его (её) нет.
В вопросительной и отрицательной формах для выражения обычных действий используется вспомогательный глагол do (но не с сочетанием have got).
Do you have dinner at home?
Ты обедаешь дома?
I don’t have dinner at home very often.
Я не очень часто обедаю дома.
Вопросительная и отрицательная формы с глаголом have в значении «иметь» могут быть образованы двумя способами.
| Время | Утвердительная форма | Отрицательная форма | Вопросительная форма |
|---|---|---|---|
| Present Tense | have (got) или have | haven’t (got) или don’t have | have I got? или do I have? |
| Past Tense | had | hadn’t или didn’t have | had you? или did you have? |
- 2. В качестве вспомогательного глагола в сочетании с Past Participle (3-я форма основного глагола) для образования следующих времен:
| Present Perfect | I have worked |
|---|---|
| Past Perfect | I had worked |
| Future Perfect | I shall have worked |
| Present Perfect Continuous | I have been working |
| Past Perfect Continuous | I had been working |
| Future Perfect Continuous | I shall have been working |
| Perfect Conditional | I shall have worked |
I have been in hospital. Я был в больнице.
Не has dug the patch for potatoes. Он вскопал участок для картофеля.
Have you heard the new rock-group? Вы слушали новую рок-группу?
- 3. В качестве модального глагола в сочетании с инфинитивом в значении долженствования, обусловленного обстоятельствами (т. е. необходимости совершения действия, как этого требуют условия, обстоятельства, ситуация). Сочетание have to в таких случаях переводится должен, нужно, надо, приходится. В этом значении вопросительная и отрицательная формы образуются при помощи вспомогательного глагола do.
I have to go there. Я должен идти туда (т. е. мне приходится идти туда, я вынужден идти туда).
He has to take a bus to get to his office. Ему приходится ехать автобусом до своей работы.
В диалогах сочетания have to/had to часто употребляются самостоятельно, т. е. сам инфинитив опускается, но подразумевается.
Why do you put on your raincoat? — Почему ты надеваешь плащ? —
I have to. It looks like rain. Мне приходится (его надевать). Похоже, что будет дождь.
Why do you wear spectacles? — Почему ты носишь очки? —
I have to (wear them). I am short-sighted. Я вынужден (носить их). Я близорукий.
I didn’t want to stop but I had to (stop) as I needed petrol.
Я не хотел останавливаться, но был вынужден, так как у меня кончился бензин (мне нужен был бензин).
- 4. Глагол to have в сочетании с существительными образует целый ряд фразеологических выражений, имеющих значение глагола.
to have a talk — поговорить
to have supper — поужинать
to have a smoke — покурить
to have lunch — позавтракать
to have a swim — поплавать
to have a bath — принять ванну
to have a rest — отдохнуть
to have difficulties/troubles — столкнуться с трудностями/ неприятностями
to have a good holiday — хорошо провести праздник/ отпуск
to have dinner — пообедать
Вопросительная (если это общий вопрос или вопрос не к подлежащему) и отрицательная формы с этими выражениями образуются при помощи вспомогательного глагола do.
When do you have supper? Когда вы ужинаете?
Did you have breakfast? Ты завтракал?
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Глагол to do
Глагол to do (do / does / did / done) в английском языке используется в качестве самостоятельного, вспомогательного глагола и переводится «делать». Основные формы глагола: do — did — done.
Источник статьи: http://catchenglish.ru/grammatika/glagol-to-have.html