Спряжение глагола «to work» (Английский язык)
Глагол to work – правильный глагол в английском языке, в переводе на русский означает: работать, трудиться, действовать, заниматься, потрудиться и др..
| Infinitive | to work |
|---|---|
| Simple past | worked |
| Past participle | worked |
| -s | works |
| -ing | working |
Work in present simple
Утверждение
Отрицание
He does not work
She does not work
It does not work
Вопрос
Does he work?
Does she work?
Does it work?
Work in present continuous
Утверждение
He is working
She is working
It is working
Отрицание
He is not working
She is not working
It is not working
Вопрос
Is he working?
Is she working?
Is it working?
Work in present perfect
Утверждение
He has worked
She has worked
It has worked
Отрицание
He has not worked
She has not worked
It has not worked
Вопрос
Has he worked?
Has she worked?
Has it worked?
Work in present perfect continuous
Утверждение
He has been working
She has been working
It has been working
Отрицание
You have not been working
He has not been working
She has not been working
It has not been working
You have not been working
They have not been working
Вопрос
Has he been working?
Has she been working?
Has it been working?
Work in past simple
Утверждение
Отрицание
He did not work
She did not work
It did not work
Вопрос
Did he work?
Did she work?
Did it work?
Work in past continuous
Утверждение
He was working
She was working
It was working
Отрицание
He was not working
She was not working
It was not working
Вопрос
Was he working?
Was she working?
Was it working?
Work in past perfect
Утверждение
He had worked
She had worked
It had worked
Отрицание
He had not worked
She had not worked
It had not worked
Вопрос
Had he worked?
Had she worked?
Had it worked?
Work in past perfect continuous
Утверждение
He had been working
She had been working
It had been working
Отрицание
He had not been working
She had not been working
It had not been working
They had not been working
Вопрос
Had he been working?
Had she been working?
Had it been working?
Work in future simple
Утверждение
He will work
She will work
It will work
Отрицание
He will not work
She will not work
It will not work
Вопрос
Will he work?
Will she work?
Will it work?
Work in future continuous
Утверждение
He will be working
She will be working
It will be working
Отрицание
He will not be working
She will not be working
It will not be working
Вопрос
Will he be working?
Will she be working?
Will it be working?
Work in future perfect
Утверждение
He will have worked
She will have worked
It will have worked
Отрицание
He will not have worked
She will not have worked
It will not have worked
They will not have worked
Вопрос
Will he have worked?
Will she have worked?
Will it have worked?
Work in future perfect continuous
Утверждение
You will have been working
He will have been working
She will have been working
It will have been working
We will have been working
You will have been working
They will have been working
Отрицание
I will not have been working
You will not have been working
He will not have been working
She will not have been working
It will not have been working
We will not have been working
You will not have been working
They will not have been working
Вопрос
Will you have been working?
Will he have been working?
Will she have been working?
Will it have been working?
Will we have been working?
Will you have been working?
Will they have been working?
Work in conditional present
Утверждение
He would work
She would work
It would work
Отрицание
He would not work
She would not work
It would not work
Вопрос
Would he work?
Would she work?
Would it work?
Work in conditional present progressive
Утверждение
He would be working
She would be working
It would be working
Отрицание
He would not be working
She would not be working
It would not be working
They would not be working
Вопрос
Would he be working?
Would she be working?
Would it be working?
Work in conditional perfect
Утверждение
He would have worked
She would have worked
It would have worked
Отрицание
You would not have worked
He would not have worked
She would not have worked
It would not have worked
You would not have worked
They would not have worked
Вопрос
Would he have worked?
Would she have worked?
Would it have worked?
Work in conditional perfect progressive
Утверждение
I would have been working
You would have been working
He would have been working
She would have been working
It would have been working
We would have been working
You would have been working
They would have been working
Отрицание
I would not have been working
You would not have been working
He would not have been working
She would not have been working
It would not have been working
We would not have been working
You would not have been working
They would not have been working
Вопрос
Would I have been working?
Would you have been working?
Would he have been working?
Would she have been working?
Would it have been working?
Таблица неправильных глаголов английского языка
Неправильные глаголы в английском языке – это глаголы, имеющие особые формы прошедшего времени (Past Simple) и причастия прошедшего времени (Past Participle). Среди них встречаются как очень употребительные (feel – чувствовать, speak – говорить), так и редкие (cleave – рассекать, forswear – отрекаться). В таблицах ниже приведены употребительные неправильные глаголы.
Таблица неправильных глаголов английского языка
Несмотря на то что неправильные глаголы изменяются по-особому, в них все же есть некоторая закономерность. В таблице ниже глаголы даны с переводом и транскрипцией и распределены по признаку совпадения форм:
- Глаголы ААА – все три формы одинаковые (cut – cut – cut, резать).
- Глаголы АВА – совпадают 1ая и 3я формы (run – ran – run, бегать).
- Глаголы АВВ – совпадают 2ая и 3я формы (teach – taught – taught, учить).
- Глаголы АВС – все формы разные (know – knew – known, знать).
Внутри таблицы слова распределены не по алфавиту, а по частотности, т. е. чем выше слово, тем оно чаще употребляется. К таблицам прилагаются pdf-файлы – их можно распечатать, наклеить на картон и вырезать карточки для заучивания слов.
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| Глаголы типа ААА: одинаковые в трех формах Скачать PDF | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Перевод | Infinitive | Past Simple | Past Participle |
| класть | put [put] | put [put] | put [put] |
| позволять | let [let] | let [let] | let [let] |
| резать | cut [kʌt] | cut [kʌt] | cut [kʌt] |
| ставить (устанавливать) | set [set] | set [set] | set [set] |
| делать ставку | bet [bet] | bet [bet] | bet [bet] |
| бросать (отливать металл) | cast [ka:st] | cast [ka:st] | cast [ka:st] |
| стоить | cost [cɔst] | cost [cɔst] | cost [cɔst] |
| бить | hit [hit] | hit [hit] | hit [hit] |
| причинять боль | hurt [hз:t] | hurt [hз:t] | hurt [hз:t] |
| вязать | knit [nɪt] | knit [nɪt] | knit [nɪt] |
| прекращать | quit [kwit] | quit [kwit] | quit [kwit] |
| распространять | spread [spred] | spread [spred] | spread [spred] |
| Глаголы типа АBA: совпадают формы 1 и 3 Скачать PDF | |||
| бежать | run [rʌn] | ran [ræn] | run [rʌn] |
| приходить | come [kʌm] | came [keim] | come [kʌm] |
| становиться | become [bi:kʌm] | became [bi:keim] | become [bi:kʌm] |
| Глаголы типа ABB: совпадают формы 2 и 3 Скачать PDF | |||
| читать | read [riːd] | read [red] | read [red] |
| учить (получать знания) | learn [lз:n] | learnt [lз:nt] (learned) | learnt [lз:nt] (learned) |
| думать | think [θiŋk] | thought [θɔ:t] | thought [θɔ:t] |
| учить (обучать) | teach [ti:tʃ] | taught [tɔ:t] | taught [tɔ:t] |
| пахнуть (чувствовать запах) | smell [smel] | smelt [smelt] | smelt [smelt] |
| слышать | hear [hiə] | heard [hз:d] | heard [hз:d] |
| держать | hold [hould] | held [held] | held [held] |
| приносить | bring [briŋ] | brought [brɔ:t] | brought [brɔ:t] |
| стоять | stand [stænd] | stood [stu:d] | stood [stu:d] |
| терять (проигрывать) | lose [lu:z] | lost [lɔst] | lost [lɔst] |
| встречать | meet [mi:t] | met [met] | met [met] |
| вести | lead [li:d] | led [led] | led [led] |
| понимать | understand [ʌndə’stænd] | understood [ʌndə’stud] | understood [ʌndə’stud] |
| побеждать | win [win] | won [wʌn] | won [wʌn] |
| покупать | buy [bai] | bought [bɔ:t] | bought [bɔ:t] |
| отправлять | send [send] | sent [sent] | sent [sent] |
| продавать | sell [sel] | sold [sould] | sold [sould] |
| ловить | catch [kætʃ] | caught [kɔ:t] | caught kɔ:t] |
| драться | fight [fait] | fought [fɔ:t] | fought [fɔ:t] |
| класть (укладывать) | lay [lei] | laid [leid] | laid [leid] |
| сидеть | sit [sit] | sat [sæt] | sat [sæt] |
| связывать | bind [baind] | bound [baund] | bound [baund] |
| кровоточить | bleed [bli:d] | bled [bled] | bled [bled] |
| строить | build [bild] | built [bilt] | built [bilt] |
| гореть | burn [bз:n] | burnt [bз:nt] | burnt [bз:nt] |
| иметь дело | deal [diːl] | dealt [delt] | dealt [delt] |
| копать | dig [dɪg] | dug [dʌg] | dug [dʌg] |
| кормить | feed [fi:d] | fed [fed] | fed [fed] |
| вешать | hang [hæŋ] | hung [hʌŋ] | hung [hʌŋ] |
| прятать | hide [haɪd] | hid [hɪd] | hidden [‘hɪdn] |
| прислоняться | lean [li:n] | leant (leaned) [lent] | leant (leaned) [lent] |
| одалживать (кому-то) | lend [lend] | lent [lent] | lent [lent] |
| освещать | light [lait] | lit [lit] | lit [lit] |
| ехать верхом | ride [raɪd] | rode [roud] | ridden [‘rɪdn] |
| шить | sew [sou] | sewed [soud] | sewed (sewn) [soud] |
| писать или говорить по буквам | spell [spel] | spelt [spelt] | spelt [spelt] |
| проливать | spill [spɪl] | spilt [spɪlt] | spilt [spɪlt] |
| плевать | spit [spɪt] | spat [spæt] (spit) | spat (spit) [spæt] |
| портить | spoil [spoɪl] | spoilt [spoɪlt] | spoilt [spoɪlt] |
| втыкать | stick [stik] | stuck [stʌk] | stuck [stʌk] |
| ударять | strike [straɪk] | struck [strʌk] | struck [strʌk] |
| подметать | sweep [swi:p] | swept [swept] | swept [swept] |
| плакать | weep [wi:p] | wept [wept] | wept [wept] |
| закручивать | wind [waınd] | wound [waund] | wound [waund] |
| Глаголы типа ABC: все формы разные Скачать PDF | |||
| идти | go [gou] | went [went] | gone [gɔn] |
| знать | know [nou] | knew [nju:] | known [noun] |
| брать | take [teik] | took [tuk] | taken [‘teik(ə)n] |
| видеть | see [si:] | saw [sɔ:] | seen [si:n] |
| давать | give [giv] | gave [geiv] | given [givn] |
| писать | write [rait] | wrote [rout] | written [‘ritn] |
| говорить | speak [spi:k] | spoke [spouk] | spoken [‘spouk(e)n] |
| вести машину | drive [draiv] | drove [drouv] | driven [‘drivn] |
| ломать | break [breik] | broke [brouk] | broken [‘brouk(e)n] |
| носить (одежду) | wear [wɛə] | wore [wɔ:] | worn [wɔ:n] |
| есть | eat [i:t] | ate [et] | eaten [‘i:tn] |
| пить | drink [driŋk] | drank [dræŋk] | drunk [drʌŋk] |
| рисовать (тянуть) | draw [drɔ:] | drew [dru:] | drawn [drɔ:n] |
| красть | steal [sti:l] | stole [stoul] | stolen [‘stəulən] |
| бросать | throw [θrəu] | threw [θru:] | thrown [θrəun] |
| дуть | blow [blou] | blew [blu:] | blown [bloun] |
| падать | fall [fɔ:l] | fell [fel] | fallen [‘fɔ:lən] |
| начинать | begin [bi’gin] | began [bi’gæn] | begun [bi’gʌn] |
| забывать | forget [fə’get] | forgot [fə’gɔt] | forgotten [fə’gɔt(ə)n] |
| прощать | forgive [fo’giv] | forgave [fo’geiv] | forgiven [fo’givn] |
| летать | fly [flai] | flew [flu:] | flown [floun] |
| замерзать (замораживать) | freeze [fri:z] | froze [frouz] | frozen [‘frouzn] |
| расти | grow [grou] | grew [gru:] | grown [groun] |
| звонить | ring [riŋ] | rang [ræŋ] | rung [rʌŋ] |
| трясти | shake [ʃeik] | shook [ʃuk] | shaken [‘ʃeik(ə)n] |
| петь | sing [siŋ] | sang [sæŋ] | sung [sʌŋ] |
| вонять | stink [stɪŋk] | stank [stræŋk] (stunk) | stunk [stʌŋk] |
| стараться | strive [straɪv] | strove [strəuv] | striven [‘strɪvn] |
| клясться | swear [sweə] | swore [swɔ:] | sworn [swɔ:n] |
| рвать | tear [tɛə] | tore [tɔ:] | torn [tɔ:n] |
| пробуждать | wake [weik] | woke [wouk] | woken [‘wouk(e)n] |
Обратите внимание на слова read и wind. Во 2-ой и 3-ей формах read читается как [red]. А глагол wind [waınd] – закручивать, нельзя путать с существительным wind [wınd] – ветер.
Десять самых основных неправильных глаголов
Из числа употребительных неправильных глаголов можно выделить самые основные. Их нужно знать в первую очередь. Начните учить глаголы с них, а не в алфавитном порядке. Выучить их можно буквально за 5 – 10 минут.
| Перевод | Infinitive (1-ая форма) | Past Simple (2-ая форма) | Past Participle (3-я форма) |
|---|---|---|---|
| идти | go [gou] | went [went] | gone [gɔn] |
| знать | know [nou] | knew [nju:] | known [noun] |
| думать | think [θiŋk] | thought [θɔ:t] | thought [θɔ:t] |
| брать | take [teik] | took [tuk] | taken [‘teik(ə)n] |
| видеть | see [si:] | saw [sɔ:] | seen [si:n] |
| давать | give [giv] | gave [geiv] | given [givn] |
| писать | write [rait] | wrote [rout] | written [‘ritn] |
| говорить | speak [spi:k] | spoke [spouk] | spoken [‘spouk(e)n] |
| слышать | hear [hiə] | heard [hз:d] | heard [hз:d] |
| покупать | buy [bai] | bought [bɔ:t] | bought [bɔ:t] |
Эти глаголы нужно выучить в первую очередь
Примечания:
- Со временем некоторые глаголы из неправильных уже практически превратились в правильные. Например, даже в не очень старых учебниках написано, что глагол to work – неправильный, он имеет формы: work – wrought – wrought. Сейчас форма wrought почти не используется, разве что в устоявшихся выражениях вроде “wrought iron” (кованое железо), поэтому я не включил ее в эту таблицу.
- Глаголы to learn (учить), to lean (прислоняться) тоже чаще используются как правильные: learned, leaned, особенно в США.
- Обратите внимание на формы read [ri:d] – read [red] – read [red]. Слово пишется одинаково, а читается по-разному.
- Не путайте глагол wind [waınd] (закручивать) и существительное wind [wınd] – ветер. Они одинаково пишутся, но имеют разное произношение и значения.
- В британском варианте глаголы sew произносится как [sju:], в американском как [səu].
- В эту таблицу не вошли три самых употребительных глагола в английском языке (все три неправильные), которым посвящены отдельные статьи, – это глаголы to be, to have, to do.
Меня зовут Сергей Ним, я автор сайта langformula.ru и книг по английскому языку.
Друзья! Меня часто спрашивают, но я сейчас не занимаюсь репетиторством. Если вам нужен учитель, рекомендую этот чудесный сайт . Здесь вы найдете преподавателя, носителя языка😛 или не носителя, на любой случай и карман😄 Я сам прошел там более 100 занятий, рекомендую попробовать и вам!
Источник статьи: http://langformula.ru/english-grammar/irregular-verbs-list/