Спряжение глагола «to speak» (Английский язык)
Глагол to speak – неправильный глагол в английском языке, в переводе на русский означает: говорить, разговаривать, изъясняться;; сказать; высказывать; отзываться; произносить речь, выступать.
| Infinitive | to speak |
|---|---|
| Simple past | spoke |
| Past participle | spoken |
| -s | speaks |
| -ing | speaking |
Speak in present simple
Утверждение
Отрицание
He does not speak
She does not speak
It does not speak
Вопрос
Does he speak?
Does she speak?
Does it speak?
Speak in present continuous
Утверждение
He is speaking
She is speaking
It is speaking
Отрицание
He is not speaking
She is not speaking
It is not speaking
Вопрос
Is he speaking?
Is she speaking?
Is it speaking?
Speak in present perfect
Утверждение
He has spoken
She has spoken
It has spoken
Отрицание
He has not spoken
She has not spoken
It has not spoken
Вопрос
Has he spoken?
Has she spoken?
Has it spoken?
Speak in present perfect continuous
Утверждение
He has been speaking
She has been speaking
It has been speaking
Отрицание
You have not been speaking
He has not been speaking
She has not been speaking
It has not been speaking
We have not been speaking
You have not been speaking
They have not been speaking
Вопрос
Has he been speaking?
Has she been speaking?
Has it been speaking?
Speak in past simple
Утверждение
Отрицание
He did not speak
She did not speak
It did not speak
Вопрос
Did he speak?
Did she speak?
Did it speak?
Speak in past continuous
Утверждение
He was speaking
She was speaking
It was speaking
Отрицание
He was not speaking
She was not speaking
It was not speaking
Вопрос
Was he speaking?
Was she speaking?
Was it speaking?
Speak in past perfect
Утверждение
He had spoken
She had spoken
It had spoken
Отрицание
He had not spoken
She had not spoken
It had not spoken
Вопрос
Had he spoken?
Had she spoken?
Had it spoken?
Speak in past perfect continuous
Утверждение
He had been speaking
She had been speaking
It had been speaking
Отрицание
You had not been speaking
He had not been speaking
She had not been speaking
It had not been speaking
You had not been speaking
They had not been speaking
Вопрос
Had he been speaking?
Had she been speaking?
Had it been speaking?
Speak in future simple
Утверждение
He will speak
She will speak
It will speak
Отрицание
He will not speak
She will not speak
It will not speak
Вопрос
Will he speak?
Will she speak?
Will it speak?
Speak in future continuous
Утверждение
He will be speaking
She will be speaking
It will be speaking
Отрицание
He will not be speaking
She will not be speaking
It will not be speaking
They will not be speaking
Вопрос
Will he be speaking?
Will she be speaking?
Will it be speaking?
Speak in future perfect
Утверждение
He will have spoken
She will have spoken
It will have spoken
Отрицание
He will not have spoken
She will not have spoken
It will not have spoken
They will not have spoken
Вопрос
Will he have spoken?
Will she have spoken?
Will it have spoken?
Speak in future perfect continuous
Утверждение
I will have been speaking
You will have been speaking
He will have been speaking
She will have been speaking
It will have been speaking
We will have been speaking
You will have been speaking
They will have been speaking
Отрицание
I will not have been speaking
You will not have been speaking
He will not have been speaking
She will not have been speaking
It will not have been speaking
We will not have been speaking
You will not have been speaking
They will not have been speaking
Вопрос
Will I have been speaking?
Will you have been speaking?
Will he have been speaking?
Will she have been speaking?
Will it have been speaking?
Will we have been speaking?
Will you have been speaking?
Will they have been speaking?
Speak in conditional present
Утверждение
He would speak
She would speak
It would speak
Отрицание
He would not speak
She would not speak
It would not speak
Вопрос
Would he speak?
Would she speak?
Would it speak?
Speak in conditional present progressive
Утверждение
He would be speaking
She would be speaking
It would be speaking
Отрицание
You would not be speaking
He would not be speaking
She would not be speaking
It would not be speaking
You would not be speaking
They would not be speaking
Вопрос
Would he be speaking?
Would she be speaking?
Would it be speaking?
Speak in conditional perfect
Утверждение
He would have spoken
She would have spoken
It would have spoken
Отрицание
You would not have spoken
He would not have spoken
She would not have spoken
It would not have spoken
You would not have spoken
They would not have spoken
Вопрос
Would he have spoken?
Would she have spoken?
Would it have spoken?
Speak in conditional perfect progressive
Утверждение
I would have been speaking
You would have been speaking
He would have been speaking
She would have been speaking
It would have been speaking
We would have been speaking
You would have been speaking
They would have been speaking
Отрицание
I would not have been speaking
You would not have been speaking
He would not have been speaking
She would not have been speaking
It would not have been speaking
We would not have been speaking
You would not have been speaking
They would not have been speaking
Вопрос
Would I have been speaking?
Would you have been speaking?
Would he have been speaking?
Would she have been speaking?
Would it have been speaking?
Глагол speak в past simple
ПЕЧАЛЬКО. В словарях Яндекса перевод отсутствует или при вводе была совершена ошибка
Реализовано с помощью сервиса «API «Яндекс.Словарь»
Present
I speak
you speak
he speaks
we speak
you speak
they speak
Present continuous
Past simple
I have spoken, spoke
you have spoken, spoke
he has spoken, spoke
we have spoken, spoke
you have spoken, spoke
they have spoken, spoke
Past continuous
I have been speaking
you have been speaking
he has been speaking
we have been speaking
you have been speaking
they have been speaking
Present perfect
I will speak
you will speak
he will speak
we will speak
you will speak
they will speak
Present perfect continuous
I will be speaking
you will be speaking
he will be speaking
we will be speaking
you will be speaking
they will be speaking
Past perfect
I will have spoken, spoke
you will have spoken, spoke
he will have spoken, spoke
we will have spoken, spoke
you will have spoken, spoke
they will have spoken, spoke
Past perfect continuous
I will have been speaking
you will have been speaking
he will have been speaking
we will have been speaking
you will have been speaking
they will have been speaking
Future
Future continuous
I had spoken, spoke
you had spoken, spoke
he had spoken, spoke
we had spoken, spoke
you had spoken, spoke
they had spoken, spoke
Future perfect
I had been speaking
you had been speaking
he had been speaking
we had been speaking
you had been speaking
they had been speaking
Future perfect continuous
Present
I would speak
you would speak
he would speak
we would speak
you would speak
they would speak
Present continuous
I would be speaking
you would be speaking
he would be speaking
we would be speaking
you would be speaking
they would be speaking
I would have spoken, spoke
you would have spoken, spoke
he would have spoken, spoke
we would have spoken, spoke
you would have spoken, spoke
they would have spoken, spoke
Past continuous
I would have been speaking
you would have been speaking
he would have been speaking
we would have been speaking
you would have been speaking
they would have been speaking
Источник статьи: http://conjugation.ru/english/speak.html
Past Simple Tense — прошедшее время в английском языке
Сегодня мы рассмотрим время, относящееся к группе Simple в английской грамматике — Past Simple Tense. На русский язык оно переводится как «простое прошедшее время». Из статьи вы узнаете, когда оно используется, как образуется, как строить отрицательные и вопросительные предложения в этом времени.
Когда мы используем Past Simple
Мы используем простое прошедшее время, когда говорим:
1. О событиях или действиях, которые произошли в прошлом и время совершения которых истекло. То есть действие или событие является законченным. (он купил машину в прошлом году, они ездили отдыхать в прошлом месяце, собрание было на прошлой неделе)
2. О событиях или действиях в прошлом, которые повторялись регулярно, но сейчас не происходят. (она занималась танцами в школе, мы ходили в спортзал в прошлом году)
3. О событиях в прошлом, которые происходили одно за другим. (они встретились, гуляли по парку, пошли в кино)
Как образуется утвердительная форма Past Simple?
При образовании Past Simple мы всегда смотрим на глагол, так как он будет меняться. В английском языке есть два вида глаголов: правильные и неправильные.
В зависимости от глагола прошедшее время образуется так:
- если глагол правильный, мы прибавляем окончание -ed (cook — cooked);
- если глагол неправильный, мы ставим его во вторую форму (see — saw).
Нет никакого правила, по которому можно определить правильный или неправильный глагол перед нами. Узнать это можно только посмотрев его в словаре или запомнив.
Тоже самое и с формами неправильных глаголов. Их надо запомнить или посмотреть в словаре. Схема образования Past Simple такая:
Тот, о ком идет речь + правильный глагол с окончанием ed или 2-ая форма неправильного глагола.
I went to the cinema yesterday. Я ходила в кино вчера.
She moved last year. Она переехала в прошлом году.
They married three years ago.
Они поженились три года назад.
Окончание глаголов -ed в Past Simple
Есть несколько нюансов при добавлении окончания -ed к правильным глаголам.
- Если глагол заканчивается на -е , то к глаголу прибавляется только -d :
- Если глагол оканчивается на согласную , перед которой стоит ударная гласная , то согласная удваивается:
- Исключения : глаголы, заканчивающиеся на -x и -w :
Примечание : в британском английском , когда глагол заканчивается на -l , то она удваивается вне зависимости от того куда падает ударение:
- Если глагол заканчивается на -y и перед ней идет согласная буква, то y меняется на i + ed:
Важно : если перед -у стоит гласная , то окончание -ed добавляется без изменения буквы:
Слова-спутники Past Simple
Это слова-подсказки, которые помогают определить, что перед нами простое прошедшее время:
- yesterday,
- last week / month / year,
- in 1989 (2000, 2012 и т. д.),
- two (three, four и т. д.) days/month/years ago.
I saw him five days ago . Я видел его пять дней назад.
She watched this film yesterday .
Она смотрела этот фильм вчера.
They lived in England in 1999 .
Они жили в Англии в 1999 году.
Отрицательные предложения в Past Simple
Отрицание образуется с помощью вспомогательного глагола did (это вспомогательный глагол do, но в прошедшей форме) и частицы not. При этом смысловой глагол используется в начальной форме.
Сочетание did + not и будет нашей частицей « не » . Например, он не участвовал в выставке, они не ходили к клуб вчера.
Схема построения отрицательного предложения в Past Simple такая:
Тот, о ком идет речь + did + not + глагол в начальной форме.
Важный момент : вспомогательный глагол did уже показывает, что предложение в прошедшем времени, поэтому сам глагол в предложении (бегать/прыгать/работать) мы не ставим в прошедшее время, а используем начальную форму . То есть не ставим его во 2-ю форму и не прибавляем окончание ed.
Зачем же надо 2 раза показывать, что это прошедшее время?
Нe did not swim yesterday. Он не плавал вчера.
They did not work last summer. Они не работали прошлым летом.
She did not run yesterday.
Она не бегала вчера.
Каким сокращением можно пользоваться?
Мы можем сократить отрицательную частицу not следующим образом.
We didn’t win this battle.
Мы не выиграли это сражение.
Вопросительные предложения в Past Simple
Построение вопросов в Past Simple такое же, как и в других временах этой группы (Simple). Чтобы задать вопрос, надо вспомогательный глагол did поставить на первое место в предложении. Смысловой глагол, также как в отрицании, не ставится в прошедшее время, а используется его начальная форма. Окончания -ed добавлять не надо.
Did + тот, о ком идет речь + начальная форма глагола.
He called me last week. Он звонил мне на прошлой неделе.
They bought a new car. Они купили новую машину.
Did he call you last week? Он звонил тебе на прошлой неделе?
Did they buy a new car?
Они купили новую машину?
Короткий положительный ответ содержит вспомогательный глагол did, который заменяет само действие.
Полный положительный ответ строится как утвердительное предложение.
Yes, he called me last week. Да, он звонил мне на прошлой неделе.
Yes, they bought a new car. Да, они купили новую машину.
Короткий отрицательный ответ содержит вспомогательный глагол did и отрицательную частицу not.
Полный отрицательный ответ строится как отрицательное предложение.
No, he did not call me last week. Нет, он не звонил мне на прошлой неделе.
No, they did not buy a new car. Нет, они не купили новую машину.
Специальные вопросы в Past Simple
Когда мы задаем вопрос со следующими вопросительными словами:
Эти слова ставятся на первое место, далее порядок слов идет как в обычном вопросе. Схема образования:
Вопросительное слово + did + тот, о ком идет речь + глагол в начальной форме?
Давайте рассмотрим примеры.
Why did you steal this thing? Почему ты украл эту вещь?
When did she sell her phone? Когда она продала ее телефон?
Итак, мы разобрали простое прошедшее время, которое на самом деле не является таким уж простым. Если у вас остались вопросы, задавайте их в комментариях под статьей.
А теперь давайте перейдем к практике.
Упражнение для закрепления Past Simple
Переведите следующие предложения на английский язык:
1. Он построил свой дом в 1997 году.
2. Они ходили на концерт в прошлом месяце.
3. Ты подарил ей подарок вчера? Да, я подарил ей вчера подарок.
4. Мы не виделись на прошлой неделе.
5. Моя подруга разбила свой телефон в прошлом году.
6. Дети не поехали в лагерь прошлым летом.
8. Вы ходили в поход на прошлых выходных? Нет, мы не ходили.
Пишите свои ответы в комментариях, а я их обязательно проверю.
Источник статьи: http://zen.yandex.ru/media/easyspeak/past-simple-tense—proshedshee-vremia-v-angliiskom-iazyke-5e5187bfa5d3230c1ce7ed3b