Глагол know в present simple
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Present
I know
you know
he knows
we know
you know
they know
Present continuous
Past simple
I have known
you have known
he has known
we have known
you have known
they have known
Past continuous
I have been knowing
you have been knowing
he has been knowing
we have been knowing
you have been knowing
they have been knowing
Present perfect
I will know
you will know
he will know
we will know
you will know
they will know
Present perfect continuous
I will be knowing
you will be knowing
he will be knowing
we will be knowing
you will be knowing
they will be knowing
Past perfect
I will have known
you will have known
he will have known
we will have known
you will have known
they will have known
Past perfect continuous
I will have been knowing
you will have been knowing
he will have been knowing
we will have been knowing
you will have been knowing
they will have been knowing
Future
Future continuous
I had known
you had known
he had known
we had known
you had known
they had known
Future perfect
I had been knowing
you had been knowing
he had been knowing
we had been knowing
you had been knowing
they had been knowing
Future perfect continuous
Present
I would know
you would know
he would know
we would know
you would know
they would know
Present continuous
I would be knowing
you would be knowing
he would be knowing
we would be knowing
you would be knowing
they would be knowing
I would have known
you would have known
he would have known
we would have known
you would have known
they would have known
Past continuous
I would have been knowing
you would have been knowing
he would have been knowing
we would have been knowing
you would have been knowing
they would have been knowing
Источник статьи: http://conjugation.ru/english/know.html
Спряжение глагола «to know» (Английский язык)
Глагол to know – неправильный глагол в английском языке, в переводе на русский означает: знать; иметь представление; иметь определенные знания; уметь.
| Infinitive | to know |
|---|---|
| Simple past | knew |
| Past participle | known |
| -s | knows |
| -ing | knowing |
Know in present simple
Утверждение
Отрицание
He does not know
She does not know
It does not know
Вопрос
Does he know?
Does she know?
Does it know?
Know in present continuous
Утверждение
He is knowing
She is knowing
It is knowing
Отрицание
He is not knowing
She is not knowing
It is not knowing
Вопрос
Is he knowing?
Is she knowing?
Is it knowing?
Know in present perfect
Утверждение
He has known
She has known
It has known
Отрицание
He has not known
She has not known
It has not known
Вопрос
Has he known?
Has she known?
Has it known?
Know in present perfect continuous
Утверждение
He has been knowing
She has been knowing
It has been knowing
Отрицание
You have not been knowing
He has not been knowing
She has not been knowing
It has not been knowing
You have not been knowing
They have not been knowing
Вопрос
Has he been knowing?
Has she been knowing?
Has it been knowing?
Know in past simple
Утверждение
Отрицание
He did not know
She did not know
It did not know
Вопрос
Did he know?
Did she know?
Did it know?
Know in past continuous
Утверждение
He was knowing
She was knowing
It was knowing
Отрицание
He was not knowing
She was not knowing
It was not knowing
Вопрос
Was he knowing?
Was she knowing?
Was it knowing?
Know in past perfect
Утверждение
He had known
She had known
It had known
Отрицание
He had not known
She had not known
It had not known
Вопрос
Had he known?
Had she known?
Had it known?
Know in past perfect continuous
Утверждение
He had been knowing
She had been knowing
It had been knowing
Отрицание
He had not been knowing
She had not been knowing
It had not been knowing
They had not been knowing
Вопрос
Had he been knowing?
Had she been knowing?
Had it been knowing?
Know in future simple
Утверждение
He will know
She will know
It will know
Отрицание
He will not know
She will not know
It will not know
Вопрос
Will he know?
Will she know?
Will it know?
Know in future continuous
Утверждение
He will be knowing
She will be knowing
It will be knowing
Отрицание
He will not be knowing
She will not be knowing
It will not be knowing
Вопрос
Will he be knowing?
Will she be knowing?
Will it be knowing?
Know in future perfect
Утверждение
He will have known
She will have known
It will have known
Отрицание
He will not have known
She will not have known
It will not have known
Вопрос
Will he have known?
Will she have known?
Will it have known?
Know in future perfect continuous
Утверждение
You will have been knowing
He will have been knowing
She will have been knowing
It will have been knowing
We will have been knowing
You will have been knowing
They will have been knowing
Отрицание
I will not have been knowing
You will not have been knowing
He will not have been knowing
She will not have been knowing
It will not have been knowing
We will not have been knowing
You will not have been knowing
They will not have been knowing
Вопрос
Will you have been knowing?
Will he have been knowing?
Will she have been knowing?
Will it have been knowing?
Will we have been knowing?
Will you have been knowing?
Will they have been knowing?
Know in conditional present
Утверждение
He would know
She would know
It would know
Отрицание
He would not know
She would not know
It would not know
Вопрос
Would he know?
Would she know?
Would it know?
Know in conditional present progressive
Утверждение
He would be knowing
She would be knowing
It would be knowing
Отрицание
He would not be knowing
She would not be knowing
It would not be knowing
They would not be knowing
Вопрос
Would he be knowing?
Would she be knowing?
Would it be knowing?
Know in conditional perfect
Утверждение
He would have known
She would have known
It would have known
Отрицание
He would not have known
She would not have known
It would not have known
They would not have known
Вопрос
Would he have known?
Would she have known?
Would it have known?
Know in conditional perfect progressive
Утверждение
I would have been knowing
You would have been knowing
He would have been knowing
She would have been knowing
It would have been knowing
We would have been knowing
You would have been knowing
They would have been knowing
Отрицание
I would not have been knowing
You would not have been knowing
He would not have been knowing
She would not have been knowing
It would not have been knowing
We would not have been knowing
You would not have been knowing
They would not have been knowing
Вопрос
Would I have been knowing?
Would you have been knowing?
Would he have been knowing?
Would she have been knowing?
Would it have been knowing?
Present Simple
Английские времена обычно начинают изучать с Present Simple. Сегодня разберем формулу образования настоящего простого времени и примеры его употребления. Помните, что Present Simple не так прост, как его название — узнаем все детали в этой статье.
Как образуется Present Simple
Давайте посмотрим, как образуются утвердительные, отрицательные и вопросительные предложения в Present Simple.
Примеры утвердительных предложений в Present Simple:
We live in a huge industrial city. — Мы живем в огромном промышленном городе.
Sophie drinks 3 cups of coffee a day. — Софи выпивает 3 чашки кофе в день.
Teachers check lots of homework every day. — Учителя проверяют много домашних заданий каждый день.
Примеры отрицательных предложений в Present Simple:
Joanne doesn’t spend much time on the Internet. — Джоан не проводит много времени в интернете.
They don’t like her. — Она им не нравится.
My back doesn’t hurt. — Моя спина не болит.
Примеры вопросительных предложений в Present Simple:
Do you often get together with your relatives? — Вы часто встречаетесь с родственниками?
Does Fiona know your parents? — Фиона знакома с твоими родителями?
Когда вопрос предполагает ответ «да» или «нет», это общий вопрос (general question). Но в английском языке мы не просто отвечаем yes или no, а используем следующие шаблоны:
| Вопрос | Короткий положительный ответ | Короткий отрицательный ответ |
|---|---|---|
| Do you study English? | Yes, I do. | No, I don’t. |
| Do you study English? | Yes, we do. | No, we don’t. |
| Do they study English? | Yes, they do. | No, they don’t. |
| Does he study English? | Yes, he does. | No, he doesn’t. |
Есть несколько особенностей образования формы глагола в третьем лице:
- Глагол to have (иметь) трансформируется в has.
I have a modern laptop. — У меня есть современный ноутбук.
He has no siblings. — У него нет братьев и сестер.
Если глагол оканчивается на -sh,-ch,-s,-x, -o, к нему необходимо добавить окончание -es.
| Глагол в начальной форме | Глагол + окончание -es |
|---|---|
| watch | watches |
| do | does |
| wash | washes |
| mix | mixes |
| pass | passes |
My sister-in-law watches TV a lot. — Моя невестка часто смотрит телевизор.
Если глагол оканчивается на букву -y и перед ней стоит согласная буква, мы должны заменить -y на -i и добавить окончание -es. Если же перед -y стоит гласная, просто добавляем -s.
| Глагол в начальной форме | Глагол + окончание -es/-s |
|---|---|
| study | studies |
| carry | carries |
| play | plays |
| stay | stays |
Mike’s son studies French at school. — Сын Майка изучает французский в школе.
Глагол to be в Present Simple
Глагол to be — это особый глагол-связка, который буквально переводится как «есть», «быть». У него есть три формы, которые используются с разными местоимениями:
| I | he, she, it | you, we, they |
|---|---|---|
| am | is | are |
В простом настоящем времени глагол to be связывает подлежащее с прилагательным (adjective), существительным (noun) или местоимением (pronoun). Если в предложении действие описывается с помощью другого глагола, то глагол-связка to be нам уже не нужен.
Допустим, мы хотим сказать: «Я голодный». В таком примере нет действия, есть только подлежащее «я» и прилагательное «голодный». Для того чтобы связать их в предложение, мы используем глагол-связку to be: I am hungry.
А сейчас мы научимся определять, какой глагол использовать в Present Simple:
I am at work. — Я на работе. (где?)
He isn’t an engineer. — Он не инженер. (кто?)
Are you curious? — Ты любопытный? (какой?)
We watch films every day. — Мы смотрим фильмы каждый день. (что делаем?)
She doesn’t speak Italian. — Она не говорит по-итальянски. (что делает?)
Do they remember him? — Они помнят его? (что делают?)
Когда употребляется Present Simple
Как можно предположить из названия этого времени, оно используется в тех случаях, когда мы говорим о настоящем. Давайте же раз и навсегда разберемся с тем, в каких конкретно ситуациях нужно использовать Present Simple.
- Неизменные, постоянные события, факты
Прежде всего, Present Simple охватывает настоящее в самом широком плане. Когда мы хотим сказать о законах природы и прочих неизменных фактах, используем Present Simple. Также мы употребляем это время, когда высказываем общие факты о себе или о других. Обычно это что-то постоянное, не привязанное к конкретному моменту.
Water boils at 100 degrees. — Вода закипает при 100 градусах. (закон природы)
My neighbours speak French. — Мои соседи говорят на французском. (неизменный факт)
Mary works for an international company. — Мэри работает в международной компании. (общий факт о Мэри)
Привычки, регулярные действия
Используем Present Simple, чтобы описать действия, которые повторяются с определенной регулярностью.
I go to Europe every spring. — Я езжу в Европу каждую весну.
They don’t buy fast food when they are travelling. — Они не покупают фаст-фуд, когда путешествуют.
He never eats broccoli. — Он никогда не ест брокколи.
Используйте Present Simple для описания действия, которое происходит согласно определенному графику.
Breaking Bad series starts at half past nine. — Сериал «Во все тяжкие» начинается в половину десятого.
The train leaves at 8.00 on Thursdays. — Поезд отправляется в 8:00 по четвергам.
Does the souvenir shop close at 18.00? — Магазин сувениров закрывается в 18:00?
Действия, происходящие одно за другим
- Последовательные действия в сюжете книги или фильма
The hero wants to save the world. He starts a journey full of adventures and losses. But does he know all the truth? — Герой хочет спасти мир. Он отправляется в путешествие, полное приключений и потерь. Но знает ли он всю правду?
Реплики спортивных комментаторов
He kicks the ball and scores! — Он ударяет по мячу и забивает гол!
Don’t forget: first you go to the check-in desk, then you show your things at the customs. — Не забудь: сначала ты идешь на стойку регистрации, затем показываешь вещи на таможне.
So, I add some pepper and serve the dinner. Voila! — Итак, я добавляю немного перца и подаю ужин. Вуаля!
Вы можете встретить Present Simple в заголовках статей, видеороликов и других материалов. Они могут указывать как на настоящие, так и на прошлые или будущие события:
The queen meets ambassadors from Spain. — Королева встретилась с послами из Испании.
Apple introduces their new gadgets next week. — Apple презентует новые гаджеты на следующей неделе.
Обратите внимание: Present Simple не используется, чтобы сказать, чем мы занимаемся прямо сейчас. Для таких предложений применяется Present Continuous. Читайте, как не перепутать Present Continuous и Present Simple.
Маркеры Present Simple
Иногда бывает сложно понять, какое грамматическое время стоит применить в отдельно взятой ситуации. В этом случае на помощь могут прийти слова, которые обычно употребляются в том или ином времени. Рассмотрим слова-маркеры Present Simple, их можно условно поделить на две категории:
С помощью этих слов можно сказать, как часто выполняются определенные действия. Основные наречия частоты приведены в таблице:
| Слово | Перевод |
|---|---|
| always | всегда |
| usually | обычно |
| often | часто |
| generally | в большинстве случаев |
| sometimes | иногда | rarely, seldom | редко |
| hardly ever | почти никогда | never | никогда |
Примеры предложений с наречиями частоты в Present Simple:
He always gets up at 7 a.m. — Он всегда встает в 7 утра.
They are usually at home in the evening. — Они обычно дома вечером.
Miranda and Greg often visit their grandmother. — Миранда и Грег часто посещают свою бабушку.
She rarely meets her friends. — Она редко встречается с друзьями.
We are hardly ever late for work. — Мы почти никогда не опаздываем на работу.
I never borrow money from my friends. — Я никогда не одалживаю деньги у друзей.
Обычно наречия частоты ставятся перед основным глаголом предложения, например:
I sometimes have a shower in the morning. — Я иногда принимаю душ по утрам.
Mark doesn’t always give his girlfriend flowers. — Марк не всегда дарит цветы своей девушке.
Но есть одна ситуация, когда такой порядок слов нарушается — когда в предложении есть глагол to be, наречия частоты ставятся после него, например:
She is hardly ever worried. — Она почти никогда не переживает.
Helen and Mike aren’t usually at work at this time. — Хелен и Майк обычно не на работе в это время.
Словосочетания, выражающие частоту — они обычно ставятся в конце предложения.
- Словосочетания, образованные с помощью слова every:
every + day/week/month/year
I go shopping every day. — Я хожу по магазинам каждый день.
Scarlett watches a new film every week. — Скарлетт смотрит новый фильм каждую неделю.
She visits her mother-in-law every month. — Она навещает свою свекровь каждый месяц.
Molly goes on holiday every year. — Молли ездит в отпуск каждый год.
Словосочетания, образованные с помощью слов once и twice:
once + a week/month/year и twice + a week/month/year
We see each other once a month. — Мы видимся раз в месяц.
Ivan has English lessons twice a week. — Иван занимается английским два раза в неделю.
Начиная с трех раз и более мы используем слово times:
three times a month, four times a year
Charlotte’s daughter usually comes to see her about ten times a year. — Дочь Шарлотты обычно навещает ее около десяти раз в год.
Предлагаем пройти небольшой тест, чтобы закрепить полученные знания.
Надеемся, что наша статья была полезной и грамматическое время Present Simple теперь полностью оправдывает для вас свое название Simple 🙂 Подписывайтесь на нашу рассылку, чтобы не пропустить новые выпуски грамматики!
Источник статьи: http://englex.ru/present-simple-tense/