глагол enjoy в прошедшем времени в английском языке

Спряжение глагола «to enjoy» (Английский язык)

Глагол to enjoy – правильный глагол в английском языке, в переводе на русский означает: получать удовольствие; наслаждаться; пользоваться; обладать.

Infinitive	to enjoy
Simple past	enjoyed
Past participle	enjoyed
-s	enjoys
-ing	enjoying

Enjoy in present simple

Утверждение

Отрицание

He does not enjoy
She does not enjoy
It does not enjoy

Вопрос

Does he enjoy?
Does she enjoy?
Does it enjoy?

Enjoy in present continuous

Утверждение

He is enjoying
She is enjoying
It is enjoying

Отрицание

He is not enjoying
She is not enjoying
It is not enjoying

Вопрос

Is he enjoying?
Is she enjoying?
Is it enjoying?

Enjoy in present perfect

Утверждение

He has enjoyed
She has enjoyed
It has enjoyed

Отрицание

He has not enjoyed
She has not enjoyed
It has not enjoyed

Вопрос

Has he enjoyed?
Has she enjoyed?
Has it enjoyed?

Enjoy in present perfect continuous

Утверждение

He has been enjoying
She has been enjoying
It has been enjoying

Отрицание

You have not been enjoying

He has not been enjoying
She has not been enjoying
It has not been enjoying

We have not been enjoying

You have not been enjoying

They have not been enjoying

Вопрос

Has he been enjoying?
Has she been enjoying?
Has it been enjoying?

Enjoy in past simple

Утверждение

He enjoyed
She enjoyed
It enjoyed

Отрицание

He did not enjoy
She did not enjoy
It did not enjoy

Вопрос

Did he enjoy?
Did she enjoy?
Did it enjoy?

Enjoy in past continuous

Утверждение

He was enjoying
She was enjoying
It was enjoying

Отрицание

He was not enjoying
She was not enjoying
It was not enjoying

Вопрос

Was he enjoying?
Was she enjoying?
Was it enjoying?

Enjoy in past perfect

Утверждение

He had enjoyed
She had enjoyed
It had enjoyed

Отрицание

He had not enjoyed
She had not enjoyed
It had not enjoyed

Вопрос

Had he enjoyed?
Had she enjoyed?
Had it enjoyed?

Enjoy in past perfect continuous

Утверждение

He had been enjoying
She had been enjoying
It had been enjoying

Отрицание

You had not been enjoying

He had not been enjoying
She had not been enjoying
It had not been enjoying

You had not been enjoying

They had not been enjoying

Вопрос

Had he been enjoying?
Had she been enjoying?
Had it been enjoying?

Enjoy in future simple

Утверждение

He will enjoy
She will enjoy
It will enjoy

Отрицание

He will not enjoy
She will not enjoy
It will not enjoy

Вопрос

Will he enjoy?
Will she enjoy?
Will it enjoy?

Enjoy in future continuous

Утверждение

He will be enjoying
She will be enjoying
It will be enjoying

Отрицание

He will not be enjoying
She will not be enjoying
It will not be enjoying

They will not be enjoying

Вопрос

Will he be enjoying?
Will she be enjoying?
Will it be enjoying?

Enjoy in future perfect

Утверждение

He will have enjoyed
She will have enjoyed
It will have enjoyed

Отрицание

You will not have enjoyed

He will not have enjoyed
She will not have enjoyed
It will not have enjoyed

You will not have enjoyed

They will not have enjoyed

Вопрос

Will he have enjoyed?
Will she have enjoyed?
Will it have enjoyed?

Enjoy in future perfect continuous

Утверждение

I will have been enjoying

You will have been enjoying

He will have been enjoying
She will have been enjoying
It will have been enjoying

We will have been enjoying

You will have been enjoying

They will have been enjoying

Отрицание

I will not have been enjoying

You will not have been enjoying

He will not have been enjoying
She will not have been enjoying
It will not have been enjoying

We will not have been enjoying

You will not have been enjoying

They will not have been enjoying

Вопрос

Will I have been enjoying?

Will you have been enjoying?

Will he have been enjoying?
Will she have been enjoying?
Will it have been enjoying?

Will we have been enjoying?

Will you have been enjoying?

Will they have been enjoying?

Enjoy in conditional present

Утверждение

He would enjoy
She would enjoy
It would enjoy

Отрицание

He would not enjoy
She would not enjoy
It would not enjoy

Вопрос

Would he enjoy?
Would she enjoy?
Would it enjoy?

Enjoy in conditional present progressive

Утверждение

He would be enjoying
She would be enjoying
It would be enjoying

Отрицание

You would not be enjoying

He would not be enjoying
She would not be enjoying
It would not be enjoying

You would not be enjoying

They would not be enjoying

Вопрос

Would he be enjoying?
Would she be enjoying?
Would it be enjoying?

Enjoy in conditional perfect

Утверждение

He would have enjoyed
She would have enjoyed
It would have enjoyed

Отрицание

You would not have enjoyed

He would not have enjoyed
She would not have enjoyed
It would not have enjoyed

We would not have enjoyed

You would not have enjoyed

They would not have enjoyed

Вопрос

Would he have enjoyed?
Would she have enjoyed?
Would it have enjoyed?

Enjoy in conditional perfect progressive

Утверждение

I would have been enjoying

You would have been enjoying

He would have been enjoying
She would have been enjoying
It would have been enjoying

We would have been enjoying

You would have been enjoying

They would have been enjoying

Отрицание

I would not have been enjoying

You would not have been enjoying

He would not have been enjoying
She would not have been enjoying
It would not have been enjoying

We would not have been enjoying

You would not have been enjoying

They would not have been enjoying

Вопрос

Would I have been enjoying?

Would you have been enjoying?

Would he have been enjoying?
Would she have been enjoying?
Would it have been enjoying?

Источник статьи: http://expange.ru/e/%D0%A1%D0%BF%D1%80%D1%8F%D0%B6%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B5_%D0%B3%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B0_enjoy_(%D0%90%D0%BD%D0%B3%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B9%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D1%8F%D0%B7%D1%8B%D0%BA)

Прошедшее время в английском языке

В статье рассказали о временах группы Past и привели примеры употребления.

Времена группы Past в английском языке необходимы для описания действий, произошедших в прошлом. В статье разберем случаи и примеры использования Past Simple, Past Continuous, Past Perfect, Past Perfect Continuous и конструкцию used to do smth, а также поговорим об их отличиях.

Past Simple — простое прошедшее время

Past Simple — самое простое из прошедших времен в английском языке. Давайте рассмотрим схему его образования.

I/He/She/It/You/We/They + глагол с окончанием -ed / 2-я форма глагола

He liked my photo on Instagram. — Он лайкнул мое фото в Instagram.
They got up and left the room. — Они встали и вышли из комнаты.

I/He/She/It/You/We/They + did not (didn’t) + начальная форма глагола

My parents didn’t give me any pocket money when I was a child. — Мои родители не давали мне карманных денег, когда я был ребенком.
I didn’t take my umbrella and had to come back. — Я не взяла зонт и мне пришлось вернуться.

Did + I/he/she/it/you/we/they + начальная форма глагола

Did you see the message on the fridge? — Ты видел сообщение на холодильнике?
Did she call you back yesterday? — Она перезвонила тебе вчера?

Давайте поговорим о случаях использования Past Simple:

yesterday — вчера
the day before yesterday — позавчера
last month/year — в прошлом месяце/году
two days / one week / five years ago — два дня / одну неделю / пять лет назад
in 1992 — в 1992 году
at 9 p.m. — в 9 часов вечера

He asked me out two days ago. I agreed. — Он позвал меня на свидание два дня назад. Я согласилась.
She didn’t allow me to stay when I visited her last year. — Она не позволила мне остаться, когда я проведывала ее в прошлом году.
Did you talk to her yesterday? — Ты с ней разговаривал?

Действия, которые происходили одно за другим в прошлом.

I opened the door, turned on the light, took my shoes off and then saw him. — Я открыла дверь, включила свет, сняла обувь и затем увидела его.
She came out, got into the taxi and went to see her ex-husband. — Она вышла, села в такси и поехала увидеться со своим бывшим мужем.

Past Continuous — прошедшее длительное время

Past Continuous — необходимо для описания длительных действий в прошлом. Давайте ознакомимся с правилами его образования.

I/He/She/It + was + глагол с окончанием -ing
You/We/They + were + глагол с окончанием -ing

I was thinking about you all day. — Я думала о тебе весь день.
We were talking when he came in. — Мы разговаривали, когда он зашел.

I/He/She/It + was not (wasn’t) + глагол с окончанием -ing
You/We/They + were not (weren’t) + глагол с окончанием -ing

It wasn’t raining at night, it was snowing. — Ночью шел не дождь, а шел снег.
We were not playing video games! We were doing homework! — Мы не играли в видеоигры! Мы делали домашнее задание!

Was + I/he/she/it + глагол с окончанием -ing
Were + you/we/they + глагол с окончанием -ing

Was she jogging when she fell and broke her arm? — Она упала и сломала руку, когда бегала?
Were you working last weekend? — Ты работал на прошлых выходных?

А вот в каких случаях используется Past Continuous:

all night/week — всю ночь/неделю
at 5 o’clock yesterday — в пять часов вечера
on Monday — в понедельник
from . to — с . до

We were cooking dinner at 5 o’clock yesterday. — Вчера в 5 часов мы готовили ужин.
I was talking to mum on a phone from 7 to 7.30 in the morning. — Я говорила с мамой по телефону с 7 до 7:30 утром.

Продолжительное событие в прошлом, которое было прервано другим событием. В таком случае для продолжительного действия используем Past Continuous, а для действия, которое его прерывает — Past Simple.

I was dressing up when somebody knocked on the door. — Я одевалась, когда кто-то постучал в дверь.
They were discussing something very nervously when John’s phone rang. — Они что-то очень нервно обсуждали, когда телефон Джона зазвенел.

Два или более действий, которые происходили одновременно в прошлом.

I was watching a new episode of “The Morning Show” on TV while my husband was watching football on his laptop. — Я смотрела новый эпизод «Утреннего шоу» по телевизору, пока мой муж смотрел футбол на своем ноутбуке.
My mum was cooking a sandwich and I was waiting to take it with me. — Мама готовила сэндвич, а я ждал, чтобы взять его с собой.

Когда описываем обстановку и атмосферу во вступлении или предисловии (перед описанием главных событий) к какому-то рассказу.

The sun was shining brightly. They were sitting near the river and talking quietly about love and happiness. — Солнце ярко светило. Они сидели у реки и тихо разговаривали о любви и счастье.
One morning I woke up and went walking in the forest. The birds were singing and the wind was kindly tickling my skin. — Однажды утром я проснулась и пошла гулять в лес. Птицы пели и ветер нежно щекотал мою кожу.

Past Perfect — прошедшее совершенное время

К временам группы Past также относят Past Perfect. Давайте разберем правила его образования.

I/He/She/It/You/We/They + had + глагол в 3-й форме или с окончанием -ed

They had already talked it through. — Они уже это полностью обсудили.
I had finished the project by then. — Я закончил проект к тому времени.

I/He/She/It/You/We/They + had not (hadn’t) + глагол в 3-й форме или с окончанием -ed

She hadn’t said a word yet. — Она до сих пор не сказала ни слова.
We hadn’t done the work properly. — Мы не сделали работу так, как нужно.

Had + I/he/she/it/you/we/they + глагол в 3-й форме или с окончанием -ed

Had you booked the apartment in advance? — Ты забронировал квартиру заранее?
Had she published her first novel by then? — Она опубликовала свой первый роман к тому времени?

Давайте рассмотрим, в каких случаях используется Past Perfect:

I came to pick her up at the office, but she had gone home already. — Я приехал, чтобы забрать ее из офиса, но она уже ушла домой.
When the officers arrived, the burglars had run away. — Когда офицеры приехали, воры уже убежали.

Когда действие произошло до определенного момента в прошлом. Этот момент часто обозначается с помощью предлога by, например: by 9 o’clock (к 9-ти часам), by Monday (к понедельнику).

By 3 o’clock she hadn’t even started to write the essay. — К 3-м часам она даже не начала писать сочинение.
We had collected all our stuff by the end of the week. — Мы собрали все наши вещи к концу недели.

Past Perfect Continuous — прошедшее совершенное длительное время

Последнее время из группы Past, о котором мы сегодня поговорим — Past Perfect Continuous. Начнем с его образования.

I/He/She/It/You/We/They + had been + глагол с окончанием -ing

By the time I woke her up, she had been sleeping for 10 hours! — К тому времени, как я ее разбудил, она проспала 10 часов!
She had been crying all morning when I came back home. — Она проплакала все утро до того, как я вернулся домой.

I/He/She/It/You/We/They + had not (hadn’t) been + глагол с окончанием -ing

We hadn’t been talking to each other for a year by the time we met at the airport. — Мы не разговаривали друг с другом год до того момента, как встретились в аэропорту.
I hadn’t been working all my life but a week ago I had to find a job. — Я не работала всю свою жизнь, но неделю назад мне пришлось найти работу.

Had + I/he/she/it/you/we/they + been + глагол с окончанием -ing

Had you been dating Alan for long before he proposed? — Ты долго встречалась с Аланом до того, как он сделал предложение?
Had she been lying about her real name? — Она врала о своем настоящем имени?

Используем Past Perfect Continuous в следующих случаях:

I had been learning new grammar rules for an hour before he came and told me we had another homework. — Я учил грамматические правила целый час, перед тем как он пришел и сказал, что у нас была другая домашняя работа.
They had been keeping in touch since 2001. But then something happened and they never spoke to each other again. — Они поддерживали связь с 2001 года. Но потом что-то случилось, и они никогда больше не разговаривали друг с другом.

Продолжительное действие в прошлом, которое завершилось до определенного момента в прошлом. Этот момент часто обозначают словом-маркером by, например: by Tuesday (до вторника), by the end of June (к концу июня).

By the evening I had been working on a project for 7 hours without a break! — К вечеру я работала над проектом 7 часов без перерыва!
We had been arguing all night until the early hours. Then we fell asleep. — Мы ссорились всю ночь до самого утра. Затем мы уснули.

Конструкция used to do smth

Прошедшее время можно выразить не только грамматическими временами, но и конструкцией used to do smth. Давайте на примерах рассмотрим, как правильно использовать конструкцию.

I/He/She/It/You/We/They + used to + глагол в начальной форме

Karen used to eat a lot of junk food. — Карен раньше ела много вредной еды.
Helen used to be very busy at work. — Раньше Хелен была очень занята на работе.

I/He/She/It/You/We/They + did not (didn’t) + use to + глагол в начальной форме

I did not use to eat meat. — Раньше я не ел мясо.
Simona didn’t use to play computer games. — Симона раньше не играла в компьютерные игры.

Однако в формальной беседе допустимо образовать отрицание без вспомогательного глагола did.

I/He/She/It/You/We/They + used not to + глагол в начальной форме

The top manager used not to carry out interviews. — Топ-менеджер раньше не проводил собеседования.

Did + I/he/she/it/you/we/they + use to + глагол в начальной форме

Did you use to eat many sweets? — Ты раньше ела много конфет?
Where did Amanda use to go swimming? — Куда Аманда раньше ходила плавать?

Используем конструкцию used to do smth в следующих случаях:

I used to play tennis, but now I prefer volleyball. — Раньше я играл в теннис, но сейчас предпочитаю волейбол.
I used to believe in miracles. — Раньше я верил в чудеса.

Для описания привычек, которые остались в прошлом.

Andy used to smoke regularly. — Энди раньше часто курил.
I used to wake up in the middle of the day. — Раньше я просыпался в середине дня.

Clara used to be too slim, but now she looks wellfit. — Раньше Клара была очень худой, но сейчас она выглядит очень подтянуто.

Мы рассмотрели все времена группы Past и конструкцию used to do smth. В таблице предлагаем сравнить случаи их использования.

Время/Конструкция	Случаи использования	Пример
Past Simple	– действие произошло в прошлом – действия, которые происходили одно за другим в прошлом	I bought my first car when I was 25. — Я купил первую машину, когда мне было 25. She quietly took her phone, called 911 and asked for help. — Она тихо взяла свой телефон, позвонила в 911 и попросила о помощи.
Past Continuous	– продолжительное действие в определенный момент в прошлом – продолжительное событие в прошлом, которое было прервано другим событием – два или более действий, которые происходили одновременно в прошлом – описание обстановки и атмосферы во вступлении или предисловии к какому-то рассказу	We were dancing all night. — Мы танцевали всю ночь. I was talking to mum when my brother came in. — Я разговаривал с мамой, когда вошел мой брат. He was sitting in the armchair and she was standing near the window. — Он сидел в кресле, а она стояла у окна.
Past Perfect	– когда два события произошли в прошлом, но мы подчеркиваем, что одно из них случилось раньше – когда действие произошло до определенного момента в прошлом	I had had this car for 20 years before I bought a new one. — У меня была эта машина 20 лет, прежде чем я купил новую. By Friday I had read about 50 articles. — К пятнице я прочитал около 50 статей.
Past Perfect Continuous	– продолжительное действие в прошлом, которое случилось перед другим действием в прошлом – продолжительное действие в прошлом, которое завершилось до определенного момента в прошлом	Lisa had been playing with kids for two hours before they went to bed. — Лиза играла с детьми два часа, перед тем как они пошли спать. I had been responding to emails by 11 o’clock yesterday. — Я отвечала на письма вчера до 11-ти часов.
Used to do smth	– описание действия, которое регулярно происходило в прошлом, но на данный момент не происходит – описание привычек, которые были в прошлом – используем с глаголами состояния	I used to travel by bus, but now I prefer plane tours. — Раньше я путешествовала на автобусе, но сейчас предпочитаю авиатуры. I used to drink coffee every morning. — Раньше я пила кофе каждое утро. The village used to be densely populated, but now a few people live there. — Раньше деревня была густо населена, но сейчас там мало кто живет.

Надеемся, вы разобрались, как и когда использовать прошедшее время в английском языке. Пройдите небольшой тест, чтобы закрепить материал.

Источник статьи: http://englex.ru/ways-to-express-the-past-in-english/