State /stative verbs – глаголы, не имеющие формы Continuous. Non-continuous verbs
В английском языке существует несколько групп глаголов, которые не употребляются в длительной форме, то есть во временах группы Continuous. Такие глаголы, как правило, описывают не столько действие, сколько состояние объекта. Подобные глаголы называются state /stative или non-continuous verbs (статичные глаголы). Глаголы, которые имеют форму Continuous в грамматике получили названия action или dynamic verbs.
Рассмотрим основные группы статичных глаголов в английском языке. Все глаголы будут представлены в виде списка.
- Глаголы, обозначающие чувства восприятия (verbs of sense perception).
feel – чувствовать/быть наощупь
Kim must be at home. I see his car parked outside. – Ким, вероятно, дома. Я вижу его машину, припаркованную во дворе. (хотя ситуация происходит в данный момент времени, глагол to see употребляется не в Present Continuous, а в Present Simple)
Существует ряд случаев, когда вышеупомянутые глаголы все же употребляются в форме Continuous, но в этих случаях они имеют другое значение.
see в значении видеть является статичным (state /stative) глаголом и не употребляется в Continuous
see в значении провожать (see off) вполне себе самостоятельный (action/ dynamic) глагол, обозначающий конкретное действие, а потому имеющий форму Continuous.
see в значении встречаться также является action verb
see the sights of — рассматривать достопримечательности — action verb
I am seeing you off. – Я тебя провожаю.
I’m seeing my dentist tomorrow. – Завтра я встречаюсь со своим дантистом.
Iwas seeing the sights of Boston when I met Kevin. – Я рассматривала достопримечательности Бостона, когда встретила Кевина.
Аналогично обстоит ситуация и со следующими глаголами:
smell ( иметь запах ) — stative verb
smell (нюхать) – active verb
The soup smells good. – Суп пахнет хорошо.
I am smelling the soup. – Я нюхаю суп.
taste (быть на вкус) – stative verb
taste (пробовать) — active verb
The soup tastes good. – Суп хорош на вкус.
I am tasting the soup. – Я пробую суп.
feel (быть на ощупь) – stative verb
feel (чувствовать) — чаще всего употребляется как stative verb, но встречаются и исключения
feel (трогать, щупать) – action/ dynamic verb
The baby’s skin feels like silk. – Кожа ребенка на ощупь как шелк.
I feel tired. – я чувствую себя усталой.
Mother is feeling the baby’s forehead. – Мать трогает лоб ребенка.
look (выглядеть/ казаться) — stative non-continuous verb
look (смотреть / выглядывать /просматривать) – action verb
It looks as if Molly has finished the essay. – Кажется, что Молли закончила ессе.
Molly is looking out of the window. – Молли выглядывает /смотрит из окна.
Molly is looking through the newspaper. – Молли просматривает газету.
adore – обожать, боготворить
I detest everything about him. – Я ненавижу в нем все.
Do you respect John’s opinion? – Ты уважаешь мнение Джона?
Здесь обратите внимание на следующие глаголы:
admire (восхищаться) — stative
admire (любоваться) — action
I admire Tom’s honesty. – Я восхищаюсь честностью Тома.
I’m admiring the moon. – Я любуюсь луной.
enjoy (наслаждаться в целом) — stative
enjoy (наслаждаться в конкретной ситуации) – action
I enjoy rock music. – Я наслаждаюсь рок-музыкой. (Она мне нравится всегда / в общем и целом)
I am enjoing the concert. – Я наслаждаюсь (этим конкретным) концертом.
think -думать (иметь мнение), верить
expect – в значении думать
mean – иметь в виду, означать
Kevin doesn’t believe in psychic. – Кевин не верит в паранормальные явления.
Molly sees what Kevin means. – Молли понимает, что Кевин имеет в виду.
Единственный глагол из данного списка, который может вызвать некоторые затруднения, — глагол think. В зависимости от значения он может вести себя и как статичный, и как обычный глагол.
Рассмотрим несколько случаев.
think (of) – думать/иметь мнение — state verb
think – думать/ верить – state verb
think – думать/размышлять/продумывать возможности — action verb
What do you think of Kevin? – Каково твое мнение о Кевине?
Dan thinks Kate is lying. – Дэн думает /верит, что Катя врет.
I’m thinking about our possible reaction. – Я продумываю нашу возможную реакцию.
covet – жаждать, сильно желать (особенно чужого)
I want to see you. – Я хочу увидеть тебя.
contain – включать, содержать в себе
resemble – иметь сходство, напоминать
possess – иметь во владении
consist – состоять (из чего-либо)
involve – втягивать, вовлекать
concern – затрагивать, касаться, волновать
fit – подходить (по размеру)
owe – быть обязанным, должным
keep — в значении продолжать
My uncle Frank owns a huge hotel. – Мой дядя Фрэнк владеет огромным отелем.
I depend on my family in everything. – Я во всем завишу от своей семьи.
This job requires profound qualification. – Эта работа требует отличной квалификации.
Из вышеупомянутого списка нужно обратить особое внимание на следующие глаголы, которые в зависимости от значения могут выступать как в качестве stative, так и в виде action verbs.
have во многочисленных выражениях является active-глаголом
have dinner/ supper/lunch/breakfast – обедать/ужинать/завтракать
have a shower – принимать душ
have a nap – вздремнуть и др.
I have two brothers. – У меня есть два брата.
I am having breakfast at the moment. – Сейчас я завтракаю.
Don’t bother the child, he is having a nap. – Не беспокой малыша, он дремлет.
fit (подходить по размеру) – stative verb
fit (подгонять /прилаживать) – active verb
This skirt fits well. – Эта юбка отлично подходит по размеру.
I can’t fit the handle to the broom. – Я не могу приладить ручку к метле.
appear (казаться) — stative verb
appear (принимать участие) – action verb
Tom appears to be very rude. – Том кажется очень грубым.
Том is appearing in a new film. – Том примет участие в съемках нового фильма.
measure – иметь размеры, быть в длину/ширину
The baby weighs 10 kilos. – ребенок весит 10 кг.
Будьте внимательны, weigh в значении взвешивать и measure в значении измерять являются глаголами группы active и вполне себе могут стоять в длительной форме.
I am weighing the baby. – Я взвешиваю ребенка.
Глаголы влияния не имеют формы Continuous.
Youк marks don’t satisfy me. – Твои отметки меня не удовлетворяют.
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Источник статьи: http://grammar-tei.com/state-stative-verbs-glagoly-ne-imeyushhie-formy-continuous-non-continuous-verbs/
Спряжение глагола «to enjoy» (Английский язык)
Глагол to enjoy – правильный глагол в английском языке, в переводе на русский означает: получать удовольствие; наслаждаться; пользоваться; обладать.
| Infinitive | to enjoy |
|---|---|
| Simple past | enjoyed |
| Past participle | enjoyed |
| -s | enjoys |
| -ing | enjoying |
Enjoy in present simple
Утверждение
Отрицание
He does not enjoy
She does not enjoy
It does not enjoy
Вопрос
Does he enjoy?
Does she enjoy?
Does it enjoy?
Enjoy in present continuous
Утверждение
He is enjoying
She is enjoying
It is enjoying
Отрицание
He is not enjoying
She is not enjoying
It is not enjoying
Вопрос
Is he enjoying?
Is she enjoying?
Is it enjoying?
Enjoy in present perfect
Утверждение
He has enjoyed
She has enjoyed
It has enjoyed
Отрицание
He has not enjoyed
She has not enjoyed
It has not enjoyed
Вопрос
Has he enjoyed?
Has she enjoyed?
Has it enjoyed?
Enjoy in present perfect continuous
Утверждение
He has been enjoying
She has been enjoying
It has been enjoying
Отрицание
You have not been enjoying
He has not been enjoying
She has not been enjoying
It has not been enjoying
We have not been enjoying
You have not been enjoying
They have not been enjoying
Вопрос
Has he been enjoying?
Has she been enjoying?
Has it been enjoying?
Enjoy in past simple
Утверждение
He enjoyed
She enjoyed
It enjoyed
Отрицание
He did not enjoy
She did not enjoy
It did not enjoy
Вопрос
Did he enjoy?
Did she enjoy?
Did it enjoy?
Enjoy in past continuous
Утверждение
He was enjoying
She was enjoying
It was enjoying
Отрицание
He was not enjoying
She was not enjoying
It was not enjoying
Вопрос
Was he enjoying?
Was she enjoying?
Was it enjoying?
Enjoy in past perfect
Утверждение
He had enjoyed
She had enjoyed
It had enjoyed
Отрицание
He had not enjoyed
She had not enjoyed
It had not enjoyed
Вопрос
Had he enjoyed?
Had she enjoyed?
Had it enjoyed?
Enjoy in past perfect continuous
Утверждение
He had been enjoying
She had been enjoying
It had been enjoying
Отрицание
You had not been enjoying
He had not been enjoying
She had not been enjoying
It had not been enjoying
You had not been enjoying
They had not been enjoying
Вопрос
Had he been enjoying?
Had she been enjoying?
Had it been enjoying?
Enjoy in future simple
Утверждение
He will enjoy
She will enjoy
It will enjoy
Отрицание
He will not enjoy
She will not enjoy
It will not enjoy
Вопрос
Will he enjoy?
Will she enjoy?
Will it enjoy?
Enjoy in future continuous
Утверждение
He will be enjoying
She will be enjoying
It will be enjoying
Отрицание
He will not be enjoying
She will not be enjoying
It will not be enjoying
They will not be enjoying
Вопрос
Will he be enjoying?
Will she be enjoying?
Will it be enjoying?
Enjoy in future perfect
Утверждение
He will have enjoyed
She will have enjoyed
It will have enjoyed
Отрицание
You will not have enjoyed
He will not have enjoyed
She will not have enjoyed
It will not have enjoyed
You will not have enjoyed
They will not have enjoyed
Вопрос
Will he have enjoyed?
Will she have enjoyed?
Will it have enjoyed?
Enjoy in future perfect continuous
Утверждение
I will have been enjoying
You will have been enjoying
He will have been enjoying
She will have been enjoying
It will have been enjoying
We will have been enjoying
You will have been enjoying
They will have been enjoying
Отрицание
I will not have been enjoying
You will not have been enjoying
He will not have been enjoying
She will not have been enjoying
It will not have been enjoying
We will not have been enjoying
You will not have been enjoying
They will not have been enjoying
Вопрос
Will I have been enjoying?
Will you have been enjoying?
Will he have been enjoying?
Will she have been enjoying?
Will it have been enjoying?
Will we have been enjoying?
Will you have been enjoying?
Will they have been enjoying?
Enjoy in conditional present
Утверждение
He would enjoy
She would enjoy
It would enjoy
Отрицание
He would not enjoy
She would not enjoy
It would not enjoy
Вопрос
Would he enjoy?
Would she enjoy?
Would it enjoy?
Enjoy in conditional present progressive
Утверждение
He would be enjoying
She would be enjoying
It would be enjoying
Отрицание
You would not be enjoying
He would not be enjoying
She would not be enjoying
It would not be enjoying
You would not be enjoying
They would not be enjoying
Вопрос
Would he be enjoying?
Would she be enjoying?
Would it be enjoying?
Enjoy in conditional perfect
Утверждение
He would have enjoyed
She would have enjoyed
It would have enjoyed
Отрицание
You would not have enjoyed
He would not have enjoyed
She would not have enjoyed
It would not have enjoyed
We would not have enjoyed
You would not have enjoyed
They would not have enjoyed
Вопрос
Would he have enjoyed?
Would she have enjoyed?
Would it have enjoyed?
Enjoy in conditional perfect progressive
Утверждение
I would have been enjoying
You would have been enjoying
He would have been enjoying
She would have been enjoying
It would have been enjoying
We would have been enjoying
You would have been enjoying
They would have been enjoying
Отрицание
I would not have been enjoying
You would not have been enjoying
He would not have been enjoying
She would not have been enjoying
It would not have been enjoying
We would not have been enjoying
You would not have been enjoying
They would not have been enjoying
Вопрос
Would I have been enjoying?
Would you have been enjoying?
Would he have been enjoying?
Would she have been enjoying?
Would it have been enjoying?