Глагол to have в английском языке: формы, правила, примеры
Глагол to have может использоваться как смысловой, то есть в прямом значении “иметь”, или как вспомогательный, для построения разных конструкций, например времен Perfect. Глагол to have – неправильный, то есть форма прошедшего времени и причастия прошедшего времени образуются особым образом.
Настоящее время to have – все формы
В настоящем времени глагол to have изменяется по общим для всех глаголам правилам – в форме ед. числа, 3-го лица добавляется окончание -s.
| Единственное число | Множественное число | |
|---|---|---|
| 1 лицо | I have a house | We have a house |
| 2 лицо | You have a house | You have a house |
| 3 лицо | He/She/It has a house | They have a house |
Прошедшее время to have – все формы
В прошедшем времени у глагола to have одна форма во всех лицах и числах – had.
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| Единственное число | Множественное число | |
|---|---|---|
| 1 лицо | I had a house | We had a house |
| 2 лицо | You had a house | You had a house |
| 3 лицо | He/She/It had a house | They had a house |
Будущее время to have – все формы
В будущем времени глагол to have никак не изменяется, добавляется вспомогательный глагол will, образующий таким образом форму будущего времени.
| Единственное число | Множественное число | |
|---|---|---|
| 1 лицо | I will have a house | We will have a house |
| 2 лицо | You will have a house | You will have a house |
| 3 лицо | He/She/It will have a house | They will have a house |
Примеры использования to have как смыслового глагола.
I have an idea – У меня есть идея.
I have a cup of coffee — У меня есть чашка кофе.
I had a good house — У меня был хороший дом.
I will have new furniture — У меня будет новая мебель.
В разговорной речи часто вместо have в настоящем времени (в значении «иметь») используют have got:
I have got a cup of coffee.
«Got» — это прошедшее время глагола to get — получать. Буквально фраза переводится как «Я получил идею», но понимается как «У меня есть идея».
Есть еще совсем уж разговорный вариант, он считается неправильным (bad grammar), но так говорят:
I got an idea (have пропускается).
I gotta idea (got+an сливаются в gotta).
Об обороте have got и употреблении глагола get читайте подробнее в этой статье.
Отрицание и вопрос с глаголом to have
Отрицание строится с помощью частицы not и глагола will в будущем времени:
| Единственное число | Множественное число | |
| Настоящее время | ||
|---|---|---|
| 1 лицо | I have not a house | We have not a house |
| 2 лицо | You have not a house | You have not a house |
| 3 лицо | He (she, it) has not a house | They have not a house |
| Прошедшее время | ||
| 1 лицо | I had not a house | We had not a house |
| 2 лицо | You had not a house | You had not a house |
| 3 лицо | He (she, it) had not a house | They had not a house |
| Будущее время | ||
| 1 лицо | I will not have a house | We will not have a house |
| 2 лицо | You will not have a house | You will not have a house |
| 3 лицо | He (she, it) will not have a house | They will not have a house |
В вопросительной форме to have ставится перед подлежащим:
| Единственное число | Множественное число | |
| Настоящее время | ||
|---|---|---|
| 1 лицо | Have I a house? | Have we a house? |
| 2 лицо | Have you a house? | Have you a house? |
| 3 лицо | Has he (she, it) a house? | Have they a house? |
| Прошедшее время | ||
| 1 лицо | Had I a house? | Had we a house? |
| 2 лицо | Had you a house? | Had you a house? |
| 3 лицо | Had he (she, it) a house? | Had they a house? |
| Будущее время | ||
| 1 лицо | Will I have a house? | Will we have a house? |
| 2 лицо | Wil you have a house? | Will you have a house? |
| 3 лицо | Will he (she, it) have a house? | Will they have a house? |
Однако намного чаще отрицание и вопрос с to have строится с помощью вспомогательного глагола to do, как с обычными смысловыми глаголами:
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Источник статьи: http://langformula.ru/english-grammar/to-have/
Спряжение глагола «to have» (Английский язык)
Глагол to have – неправильный глагол в английском языке, в переводе на русский означает: иметь, обладать; содержать; испытывать что-л.,подвергаться чему-л..
| Infinitive | to have |
|---|---|
| Simple past | had |
| Past participle | had |
| -s | has |
| -ing | having |
Have in present simple
Утверждение
Отрицание
He does not have
She does not have
It does not have
Вопрос
Does he have?
Does she have?
Does it have?
Have in present continuous
Утверждение
He is having
She is having
It is having
Отрицание
He is not having
She is not having
It is not having
Вопрос
Is he having?
Is she having?
Is it having?
Have in present perfect
Утверждение
He has had
She has had
It has had
Отрицание
He has not had
She has not had
It has not had
Вопрос
Has he had?
Has she had?
Has it had?
Have in present perfect continuous
Утверждение
He has been having
She has been having
It has been having
Отрицание
He has not been having
She has not been having
It has not been having
They have not been having
Вопрос
Has he been having?
Has she been having?
Has it been having?
Have in past simple
Утверждение
Отрицание
He did not have
She did not have
It did not have
Вопрос
Did he have?
Did she have?
Did it have?
Have in past continuous
Утверждение
He was having
She was having
It was having
Отрицание
He was not having
She was not having
It was not having
Вопрос
Was he having?
Was she having?
Was it having?
Have in past perfect
Утверждение
He had had
She had had
It had had
Отрицание
He had not had
She had not had
It had not had
Вопрос
Had he had?
Had she had?
Had it had?
Have in past perfect continuous
Утверждение
He had been having
She had been having
It had been having
Отрицание
He had not been having
She had not been having
It had not been having
Вопрос
Had he been having?
Had she been having?
Had it been having?
Have in future simple
Утверждение
He will have
She will have
It will have
Отрицание
He will not have
She will not have
It will not have
Вопрос
Will he have?
Will she have?
Will it have?
Have in future continuous
Утверждение
He will be having
She will be having
It will be having
Отрицание
He will not be having
She will not be having
It will not be having
Вопрос
Will he be having?
Will she be having?
Will it be having?
Have in future perfect
Утверждение
He will have had
She will have had
It will have had
Отрицание
He will not have had
She will not have had
It will not have had
Вопрос
Will he have had?
Will she have had?
Will it have had?
Have in future perfect continuous
Утверждение
You will have been having
He will have been having
She will have been having
It will have been having
You will have been having
They will have been having
Отрицание
I will not have been having
You will not have been having
He will not have been having
She will not have been having
It will not have been having
We will not have been having
You will not have been having
They will not have been having
Вопрос
Will you have been having?
Will he have been having?
Will she have been having?
Will it have been having?
Will you have been having?
Will they have been having?
Have in conditional present
Утверждение
He would have
She would have
It would have
Отрицание
He would not have
She would not have
It would not have
Вопрос
Would he have?
Would she have?
Would it have?
Have in conditional present progressive
Утверждение
He would be having
She would be having
It would be having
Отрицание
He would not be having
She would not be having
It would not be having
Вопрос
Would he be having?
Would she be having?
Would it be having?
Have in conditional perfect
Утверждение
He would have had
She would have had
It would have had
Отрицание
He would not have had
She would not have had
It would not have had
Вопрос
Would he have had?
Would she have had?
Would it have had?
Have in conditional perfect progressive
Утверждение
You would have been having
He would have been having
She would have been having
It would have been having
We would have been having
You would have been having
They would have been having
Отрицание
I would not have been having
You would not have been having
He would not have been having
She would not have been having
It would not have been having
We would not have been having
You would not have been having
They would not have been having
Вопрос
Would you have been having?
Would he have been having?
Would she have been having?
Would it have been having?