Спряжение глагола «to cast» (Английский язык)
Глагол to cast – неправильный глагол в английском языке, в переводе на русский означает: бросать, отбрасывать, отливать, лить, метать, закидывать, сбрасывать.
| Infinitive | to cast |
|---|---|
| Simple past | cast |
| Past participle | cast |
| -s | casts |
| -ing | casting |
Cast in present simple
Утверждение
Отрицание
He does not cast
She does not cast
It does not cast
Вопрос
Does he cast?
Does she cast?
Does it cast?
Cast in present continuous
Утверждение
He is casting
She is casting
It is casting
Отрицание
He is not casting
She is not casting
It is not casting
Вопрос
Is he casting?
Is she casting?
Is it casting?
Cast in present perfect
Утверждение
He has cast
She has cast
It has cast
Отрицание
He has not cast
She has not cast
It has not cast
Вопрос
Has he cast?
Has she cast?
Has it cast?
Cast in present perfect continuous
Утверждение
He has been casting
She has been casting
It has been casting
Отрицание
You have not been casting
He has not been casting
She has not been casting
It has not been casting
You have not been casting
They have not been casting
Вопрос
Has he been casting?
Has she been casting?
Has it been casting?
Cast in past simple
Утверждение
Отрицание
He did not cast
She did not cast
It did not cast
Вопрос
Did he cast?
Did she cast?
Did it cast?
Cast in past continuous
Утверждение
He was casting
She was casting
It was casting
Отрицание
He was not casting
She was not casting
It was not casting
Вопрос
Was he casting?
Was she casting?
Was it casting?
Cast in past perfect
Утверждение
He had cast
She had cast
It had cast
Отрицание
He had not cast
She had not cast
It had not cast
Вопрос
Had he cast?
Had she cast?
Had it cast?
Cast in past perfect continuous
Утверждение
He had been casting
She had been casting
It had been casting
Отрицание
He had not been casting
She had not been casting
It had not been casting
They had not been casting
Вопрос
Had he been casting?
Had she been casting?
Had it been casting?
Cast in future simple
Утверждение
He will cast
She will cast
It will cast
Отрицание
He will not cast
She will not cast
It will not cast
Вопрос
Will he cast?
Will she cast?
Will it cast?
Cast in future continuous
Утверждение
He will be casting
She will be casting
It will be casting
Отрицание
He will not be casting
She will not be casting
It will not be casting
Вопрос
Will he be casting?
Will she be casting?
Will it be casting?
Cast in future perfect
Утверждение
He will have cast
She will have cast
It will have cast
Отрицание
He will not have cast
She will not have cast
It will not have cast
Вопрос
Will he have cast?
Will she have cast?
Will it have cast?
Cast in future perfect continuous
Утверждение
You will have been casting
He will have been casting
She will have been casting
It will have been casting
We will have been casting
You will have been casting
They will have been casting
Отрицание
I will not have been casting
You will not have been casting
He will not have been casting
She will not have been casting
It will not have been casting
We will not have been casting
You will not have been casting
They will not have been casting
Вопрос
Will you have been casting?
Will he have been casting?
Will she have been casting?
Will it have been casting?
Will we have been casting?
Will you have been casting?
Will they have been casting?
Cast in conditional present
Утверждение
He would cast
She would cast
It would cast
Отрицание
He would not cast
She would not cast
It would not cast
Вопрос
Would he cast?
Would she cast?
Would it cast?
Cast in conditional present progressive
Утверждение
He would be casting
She would be casting
It would be casting
Отрицание
He would not be casting
She would not be casting
It would not be casting
They would not be casting
Вопрос
Would he be casting?
Would she be casting?
Would it be casting?
Cast in conditional perfect
Утверждение
He would have cast
She would have cast
It would have cast
Отрицание
He would not have cast
She would not have cast
It would not have cast
Вопрос
Would he have cast?
Would she have cast?
Would it have cast?
Cast in conditional perfect progressive
Утверждение
I would have been casting
You would have been casting
He would have been casting
She would have been casting
It would have been casting
We would have been casting
You would have been casting
They would have been casting
Отрицание
I would not have been casting
You would not have been casting
He would not have been casting
She would not have been casting
It would not have been casting
We would not have been casting
You would not have been casting
They would not have been casting
Вопрос
Would I have been casting?
Would you have been casting?
Would he have been casting?
Would she have been casting?
Would it have been casting?
Неправильные глаголы английского языка
Неправильные глаголы в грамматике английского языка — это глаголы, которые не соответствует обычным правилам для глагольных форм. Они также известны как «устойчивые» глаголы.
В английском языке глаголы являются нерегулярными или неправильными, если у них нет обычного окончания -ed в формах прошедшего времени (Past Simple) и (или) в причастии прошедшего времени (Past Participle). Именно этим они отличаются от регулярных или правильных глаголов.
Согласно Лонгмановской грамматике для студентов США, девять наиболее распространенных глаголов в английском языке — все неправильные:
say (говорить), get (получить), go (идти), know (знать), think (думать), see (видеть), make (делать), come (прийти), и take (взять).
Всего существует 180 основных базовых неправильных глаголов, остальные дополнительные глаголы являются производными от них:
do — undo — redo — overdo; bite — backbite и др.
Таблица неправильных глаголов с переводом и транскрипцией (три формы глагола):
| Неопределенная форма глагола (Infinitive) | Вторая форма (Past Simple) | Третья форма (Past Participle) | Перевод | |
| 1 | abide [ə’baɪd] | abode [ə’bəud] | abode [ə’bəud] | пребывать, держаться |
| 2 | arise [ə’raɪz] | arose [ə’rəuz] | arisen [ə’rɪz(ə)n] | подняться, возникнуть |
| 3 | awake [ə’weɪk] | awoke [ə’wəuk] | awaked [ə’weɪk] | будить, проснуться |
| 4 | backbite [ˈbækbaɪt] | backbit [ˈbækbɪt] | backbitten [ˈbækbɪtən] | клеветать |
| 5 | backslide [ˈbæksˌlaɪd] | backslid [ˈbækˌslɪd] | backslid [ˈbækˌslɪd] | отпадать |
| 6 | be [bi:] | was [wɔz]; were [wз:] | been [bi:n] | быть, нести, родить |
| 7 | bear [beə] | bore [bɔː] | born [bɔːn] | родить |
| 8 | beat [bi:t] | beat [bi:t] | beaten [‘bi:tn] | бить |
| 9 | become [bi:kʌm] | became [bi:keim] | become [bi:kʌm] | стать, сделаться |
| 10 | befall [bɪ’fɔːl] | befell [bɪ’fel] | befallen [bɪ’fɔːlən] | случиться |
| 11 | beget [bɪˈɡet] | begot, begat [bəˈɡat] | begot, begotten [bɪˈɡɑːtn] | порождать |
| 12 | begin [bi’gin] | began [bi’gæn] | begun [bi’gʌn] | начать |
| 13 | behold [bɪ’həuld] | beheld [bɪ’held] | beheld [bɪ’held] | видеть, созерцать |
| 14 | bend [bend] | bent [bent] | bent [bent] | гнуть |
| 15 | bereave [bɪˈriːv] | bereft, bereaved | bereft, bereaved | лишать |
| 16 | beseech [bɪ’siːʧ] | besought [bɪ’sɔːt] | besought [bɪ’sɔːt] | умолять, упрашивать |
| 17 | beset [bɪ’set] | beset [bɪ’set] | beset [bɪ’set] | осаждать |
| 18 | bespeak [bɪˈspiːk] | bespoke | bespoke, bespoken | заказывать |
| 19 | bestride [bɪˈstraɪd] | bestrode | bestridden | садиться, сидеть верхом |
| 20 | bet [bet] | bet [bet] | bet [bet] | держать пари |
| 21 | betake [bɪˈteɪk] | betook | betaken | приниматься, отправляться |
| 22 | bid [bɪd] | bid [bɪd] | bid [bɪd] | велеть, просить |
| 23 | bind [baɪnd] | bound [baund] | bound [baund] | связать |
| 24 | bite [baɪt] | bit [bɪt] | bitten [‘bɪtn] | кусать |
| 25 | bleed [bliːd] | bled [bled] | bled [bled] | кровоточить |
| 26 | bless [bles] | blessed | blessed, blest | благословлять |
| 27 | blow [bləu] | blew [bluː] | blown [bləun] | дуть |
| 28 | break [breɪk] | broke [brəuk] | broken [‘brəuk(ə)n] | ломать |
| 29 | breed [briːd] | bred [bred] | bred [bred] | выращивать, разводить |
| 30 | bring [brɪŋ] | brought [brɔːt] | brought [brɔːt] | принести |
| 31 | broadcast [‘brɔːdkɑːst] | broadcast [‘brɔːdkɑːst] | broadcast [‘brɔːdkɑːst] | вещать (ТВ, радио) |
| 32 | browbeat [ˈbraʊbiːt] | browbeat | browbeaten | запугивать |
| 33 | build [bɪld] | built [bɪlt] | built [bɪlt] | строить |
| 34 | burn [bɜːn] | burnt [bɜːnt] | burnt [bɜːnt] | жечь, гореть |
| 35 | burst [bɜːst] | burst [bɜːst] | burst [bɜːst] | разразиться, взорваться |
| 36 | bust [bʌst] | bust, busted | bust, busted | разжаловать, уничтожить |
| 37 | buy [baɪ] | bought [bɔːt] | bought [bɔːt] | купить |
| 38 | can [kæn] | could [kud] | could [kud] | мочь, уметь |
| 39 | cast [kɑːst] | cast [kɑːst] | cast [kɑːst] | кинуть, лить металл |
| 40 | catch [kæʧ] | caught [kɔːt] | caught [kɔːt] | ловить, поймать |
| 41 | choose [ʧuːz] | chose [tʃoʊz] | chosen [‘ʧəuz(ə)n] | выбрать |
| 42 | cling [klɪŋ] | clung [klʌŋ] | clung [klʌŋ] | прилипать, цепляться |
| 43 | cleave [kliːv] | cleft [kleft] | cloven [‘kləuv(ə)n] | раскалывать, рассекать |
| 44 | clothe [kləuð] | clothed [kləʊðd] | clothed [kləʊðd] | одеть, одевать |
| 45 | come [kʌm] | came [keɪm] | come [kʌm] | приходить |
| 46 | cost [kɒst] | cost [kɒst] | cost [kɒst] | оценивать, стоить |
| 47 | countersink [ˈkaʊntəsɪŋk] | countersank | countersunk | зенковать |
| 48 | creep [kriːp] | crept [krept] | crept [krept] | ползти |
| 49 | cut [kʌt] | cut [kʌt] | cut [kʌt] | резать |
| 50 | dare [deə] | durst [dɜːst] | dared [deəd] | сметь |
| 51 | deal [diːl] | dealt [delt] | dealt [delt] | иметь дело |
| 52 | dig [dɪɡ] | dug [dʌɡ] | dug [dʌɡ] | копать |
| 53 | dive [daɪv] | dove [dʌv] | dived [daɪvd] | нырять, погружаться |
| 54 | do/does [dʌz] | did [dɪd] | done [dʌn] | делать |
| 55 | draw [drɔː] | drew [druː] | drawn [drɔːn] | тащить, рисовать |
| 56 | dream [driːm] | dreamt [dremt] | dreamt [dremt] | грезить, мечтать |
| 57 | drink [drɪŋk] | drank [dræŋk] | drunk [drʌŋk] | пить, выпить |
| 58 | drive [draɪv] | drove [drəʊv] | driven [ˈdrɪvn̩] | гнать, ехать |
| 59 | dwell [dwel] | dwelt [dwelt] | dwelt [dwelt] | обитать, задерживаться |
| 60 | eat [iːt] | ate [et] | eaten [ˈiːtn̩] | кушать, есть |
| 61 | fall [fɔːl] | fell [fel] | fallen [ˈfɔːlən] | падать |
| 62 | feed [fiːd] | fed [fed] | fed [fed] | кормить |
| 63 | feel [fiːl] | felt [felt] | felt [felt] | чувствовать |
| 64 | fight [faɪt] | fought [ˈfɔːt ] | fought [ˈfɔːt ] | сражаться, драться |
| 65 | find [faɪnd] | found [faʊnd] | found [faʊnd] | находить |
| 66 | fit [fɪt] | fit [fɪt] | fit [fɪt] | подходить, годиться |
| 67 | flee [fliː] | fled [fled] | fled [fled] | бежать, спасаться |
| 68 | fling [flɪŋ] | flung [flʌŋ] | flung [flʌŋ] | бросить |
| 69 | fly [flaɪ] | flew [fluː] | flown [fləʊn] | летать |
| 70 | forbear [fɔːrˈber] | forbore | forborne | воздерживаться |
| 71 | forbid [fəˈbɪd] | forbade [fəˈbæd] | forbidden [fəˈbɪdn̩] | запретить |
| 72 | forecast [ˈfɔːkɑːst] | forecast; forecasted [ˈfɔːkɑːstɪd] | forecast; forecasted [ˈfɔːkɑːstɪd] | предсказывать |
| 73 | foresee [fɔːrˈsiː] | foresaw | foreseen | предвидеть |
| 74 | foretell [fɔːrˈtel] | foretold | foretold | предсказывать |
| 75 | forget [fəˈɡet] | forgot [fəˈɡɒt] | forgotten [fəˈɡɒtn̩] | забыть |
| 76 | forego [fɔːˈɡəʊ] | forewent [fɔːˈwent] | foregone [fɔːˈɡɒn] | отказываться, воздерживаться |
| 77 | forgive [fəˈɡɪv] | forgave [fəˈɡeɪv] | forgiven [fəˈɡɪvn̩] | простить |
| 78 | forsake [fəˈseɪk] | forsook [fəˈsʊk] | forsaken [fəˈseɪkən] | покидать |
| 79 | forswear [fɔːrˈswer] | forswore | forsworn | отрекаться |
| 80 | freeze [friːz] | froze [frəʊz] | frozen [ˈfrəʊzən] | замерзнуть, замораживать |
| 81 | gainsay [ˌɡeɪnˈseɪ] | gainsaid | gainsaid | отрицать, противоречить |
| 82 | get [ˈɡet] | got [ˈɡɒt] | got [ˈɡɒt] | получить |
| 83 | gild [ɡɪld] | gilt [ɡɪlt]; gilded [ˈɡɪldɪd] | gilt [ɡɪlt]; gilded [ˈɡɪldɪd] | позолотить |
| 84 | gird [ɡɜːrd] | girded, girt | girded, girt | опоясывать |
| 85 | give [ɡɪv] | gave [ɡeɪv] | given [ɡɪvn̩] | дать |
| 86 | go/goes [ɡəʊz] | went [ˈwent] | gone [ɡɒn] | идти, уходить |
| 87 | grind [ɡraɪnd] | ground [ɡraʊnd] | ground [ɡraʊnd] | точить, молоть |
| 88 | grow [ɡrəʊ] | grew [ɡruː] | grown [ɡrəʊn] | расти |
| 89 | hang [hæŋ] | hung [hʌŋ]; hanged [hæŋd] | hung [hʌŋ]; hanged [hæŋd] | висеть, повесить |
| 90 | have [hæv] | had [hæd] | had [hæd] | иметь |
| 91 | hear [hɪə] | heard [hɜːd] | heard [hɜːd] | слушать |
| 92 | hew [hjuː] | hewed [hjuːd] | hewed [hjuːd]; hewn [hjuːn] | рубить, тесать |
| 93 | hide [haɪd] | hid [hɪd] | hidden [ˈhɪdn̩] | прятать(ся) |
| 94 | hit [hɪt] | hit [hɪt] | hit [hɪt] | ударить, попасть |
| 95 | hold [həʊld] | held [held] | held [held] | держать |
| 96 | hurt [hɜːt] | hurt [hɜːt] | hurt [hɜːt] | причинить боль |
| 97 | inlay [ˌɪnˈleɪ] | inlaid | inlaid | вкладывать, выстилать |
| 98 | input [ˈɪnpʊt] | input, inputted | input, inputted | входить |
| 99 | inset [ˈɪnset] | inset | inset | вставлять, вкладывать |
| 100 | interweave [ˌɪntərˈwiːv] | interwove | interwoven | вплести, воткать |
| 101 | keep [kiːp] | kept [kept ] | kept [kept ] | хранить |
| 102 | kneel [niːl] | knelt [nelt]; kneeled [niːld] | knelt [nelt]; kneeled [niːld] | становиться на колени |
| 103 | knit [nɪt] | knit [nɪt]; knitted [ˈnɪtɪd] | knit [nɪt]; knitted [ˈnɪtɪd] | вязать |
| 104 | know [nəʊ] | knew [njuː] | known [nəʊn] | знать |
| 105 | lay [leɪ] | laid [leɪd ] | laid [leɪd ] | класть, положить |
| 106 | lead [liːd] | led [led] | led [led] | вести |
| 107 | lean [liːn] | leant [lent]; leaned [liːnd] | leant [lent]; leaned [liːnd] | опереться, прислониться |
| 108 | leap [liːp] | leapt [lept]; leaped [liːpt] | leapt [lept]; leaped [liːpt] | прыгать |
| 109 | learn [lɜːn] | learnt [lɜːnt]; learned [lɜːnd] | learnt [lɜːnt]; learned [lɜːnd] | учить |
| 110 | leave [liːv] | left [left] | left [left] | оставить |
| 111 | lend [lend] | lent [lent] | lent [lent] | одолжить |
| 112 | let [let] | let [let] | let [let] | пустить, дать |
| 113 | lie [laɪ] | lay [leɪ] | lain [leɪn] | лежать |
| 114 | light [laɪt] | lit [lɪt]; lighted [ˈlaɪtɪd] | lit [lɪt]; lighted [ˈlaɪtɪd] | осветить |
| 115 | lose [luːz] | lost [lɒst] | lost [lɒst] | терять |
| 116 | make [ˈmeɪk] | made [ˈmeɪd] | made [ˈmeɪd] | делать |
| 117 | may [meɪ] | might [maɪt] | might [maɪt] | мочь, иметь возможность |
| 118 | mean [miːn] | meant [ment] | meant [ment] | подразумевать |
| 119 | meet [miːt] | met [met] | met [met] | встретить |
| 120 | miscast [ˌmɪsˈkæst] | miscast | miscast | неправильно распределять роли |
| 121 | mishear [ˌmɪsˈhɪə] | misheard [ˌmɪsˈhɪə] | misheard [ˌmɪsˈhɪə] | ослышаться |
| 122 | mishit [ˈmɪshɪt] | mishit | mishit | промахнуться |
| 123 | mislay [ˌmɪsˈleɪ] | mislaid | mislaid | класть не на место |
| 124 | mislead [ˌmɪsˈliːd] | misled | misled | ввести в заблуждение |
| 125 | misread [ˌmɪsˈriːd] | misread | misread | неправильно истолковывать |
| 126 | misspell [ˌmɪsˈspel] | misspelt, misspeled | misspelt, misspeled | писать с ошибками |
| 127 | misspend [ˌmɪsˈspend] | misspent | misspent | экономить |
| 128 | mistake [mɪˈsteɪk] | mistook | mistaken | неправильно понимать |
| 129 | misunderstand [ˌmɪsʌndərˈstænd] | misunderstood | misunderstood | неправильно понимать |
| 130 | mow [moʊ] | mowed | mown | косить |
| 131 | outbid [ˌaʊtˈbɪd] | outbid | outbid | перебивать цену |
| 132 | outdo [ˌaʊtˈduː] | outdid | outdone | превосходить |
| 133 | outfight [ˌaʊtˈfaɪt] | outfought | outfought | побеждать (в бою) |
| 134 | outgrow [ˌaʊtˈɡroʊ] | outgrew | outgrown | вырастать из |
| 135 | output [ˈaʊtpʊt] | output, outputted | output, outputted | выдавать, производить |
| 136 | outrun [ˌaʊtˈrʌn] | outran | outrun | перегонять, опережать |
| 137 | outsell [ˌaʊtˈsel] | outsold | outsold | продавать лучше или дороже |
| 138 | outshine [ˌaʊtˈʃaɪn] | outshone | outshone | затмевать |
| 139 | overbid [ˌoʊvəˈbɪd] | overbid | overbid | повелевать |
| 140 | overcome [ˌoʊvərˈkʌm] | overcame | overcome | компенсировать |
| 141 | overdo [ˌoʊvərˈduː] | overdid | overdone | делать что-либо излишне, чрезмерно |
| 142 | overdraw [ˌoʊvərˈdrɔː] | overdrew | overdrawn | превышать |
| 143 | overeat [ˌoʊvərˈiːt] | overate | overeaten | объедаться |
| 144 | overfly [ˌoʊvərˈflaɪ] | overflew | overflown | перелетать |
| 145 | overhang [ˌoʊvərˈhæŋ] | overhung | overhung | нависать |
| 146 | overhear [ˌoʊvərˈhɪr] | overheard | overheard | подслушивать |
| 147 | overlay [ˌoʊvərˈleɪ] | overlaid | overlaid | покрывать |
| 148 | overpay [ˌoʊvərˈpeɪ] | overpaid | overpaid | переплачивать |
| 149 | override [ˌoʊvərˈraɪd] | overrode | overridden | отвергать, отклонять |
| 150 | overrun [ˈoʊvərʌn] | overran | overrun | переливаться через край |
| 151 | oversee [ˌoʊvərˈsiː] | oversaw | overseen | надзирать за |
| 152 | overshoot [ˌoʊvərˈʃuːt] | overshot | overshot | расстрелять |
| 153 | oversleep [ˌoʊvərˈsliːp] | overslept | overslept | проспать |
| 154 | overtake [ˌoʊvərˈteɪk] | overtook | overtaken | догонять |
| 155 | overthrow [ˌoʊvərˈθroʊ] | overthrew | overthrown | свергать |
| 156 | partake [pɑːrˈteɪk] | partook | partaken | вкушать |
| 157 | pay [peɪ] | paid [peɪd] | paid [peɪd] | платить |
| 158 | plead [pliːd] | pleaded, pled | pleaded, pled | обращаться к суду |
| 159 | prepay [priˈpeɪ] | prepaid | prepaid | платить вперед |
| 160 | prove [pruːv] | proved | proved, proven | доказывать, оказаться |
| 161 | put [pʊt] | put [pʊt] | put [pʊt] | класть |
| 162 | quit [kwɪt] | quit, quitted | quit, quitted | покидать, оставлять |
| 163 | read [ri:d] | read [red] | read [red] | читать |
| 164 | rebind [ˌriːˈbaɪnd] | rebound | rebound | перевязывать |
| 165 | rebuild [ˌriːˈbɪld] | rebuilt | rebuilt | перестроить |
| 166 | recast [ˌriːˈkæst] | recast | recast | видоизменять, преобразовывать |
| 167 | redo [ˌriːˈduː] | redid | redone | повторять сделанное |
| 168 | rehear [ˌriːˈhɪr] | reheard | reheard | слушать вторично |
| 169 | remake [ˈriːmeɪk] | remade | remade | переделывать |
| 170 | rend [rend] | rent | rent | раздирать |
| 171 | repay [rɪˈpeɪ] | repaid | repaid | отдавать долг |
| 172 | rerun [ˈriːrʌn] | reran | rerun | выполнять повторно |
| 173 | resell [ˌriːˈsel] | resold | resold | перепродавать |
| 174 | reset [ˌriːˈset] | reset | reset | возвращать |
| 175 | resit [ˈriːsɪt] | resat | resat | пересиживать |
| 176 | retake [ˌriːˈteɪk] | retook | retaken | забирать |
| 177 | retell [ˌriːˈtel] | retold | retold | пересказывать |
| 178 | rewrite [ˈriːraɪt] | rewrote | rewritten | переписать |
| 179 | rid [rɪd] | rid, ridded | rid, ridded | избавлять |
| 180 | ride [raɪd] | rode [roud] | ridden [‘rɪdn] | ездить верхом |
| 181 | ring [rɪŋ] | rang [ræŋ] | rung [rʌŋ] | звонить |
| 182 | rise [raɪz] | rose [rouz] | risen [‘rɪzən] | подняться |
| 183 | rive [raɪv] | rived | riven | расщеплять |
| 184 | run [rʌn] | ran [ræn] | run [rʌn] | бежать, течь |
| 185 | saw [sɔː] | sawed | sawn, sawed | пилить |
| 186 | say [seɪ] | said [sed] | said [sed] | говорить, сказать |
| 187 | see [si:] | saw [sɔ:] | seen [si:n] | видеть |
| 188 | seek [siːk] | sought | sought | искать |
| 189 | sell [sel] | sold [sould] | sold [sould] | продавать |
| 190 | send [send] | sent [sent] | sent [sent] | послать |
| 191 | set [set] | set [set] | set [set] | устанавливать |
| 192 | sew [soʊ] | sewed | sewed, sewn | шить |
| 193 | shake [ʃeɪk] | shook [ʃʊk] | shaken [‘ʃeɪkən] | трясти |
| 194 | shave [ʃeɪv] | shaved | shaved, shaven | брить |
| 195 | shear [ʃɪr] | sheared | shorn, sheared | стричь |
| 196 | shed [ʃed] | shed | shed | проливать |
| 197 | shine [ʃaɪn] | shone [ʃoun], shined | shone [ʃoun], shined | светить, сиять |
| 198 | shoe [ʃuː] | shod | shod | обувать, подковывать |
| 199 | shoot [ʃu:t] | shot [ʃɒt] | shot [ʃɒt] | стрелять, давать побеги |
| 200 | show [ʃou] | showed [ʃoud] | shown [ʃoun], showed | показывать |
| 201 | shrink [ʃrɪŋk] | shrank, shrunk | shrunk | сокращаться, сжиматься, отпрянуть |
| 202 | shrive [ʃraɪv] | shrove, shrived | shriven, shrived | исповедовать |
| 203 | shut [ʃʌt] | shut [ʃʌt] | shut [ʃʌt] | закрывать |
| 204 | sing [sɪŋ] | sang [sæŋ] | sung [sʌŋ] | петь |
| 205 | sink [sɪŋk] | sank [sæŋk] | sunk [sʌŋk] | тонуть |
| 206 | sit [sɪt] | sat [sæt] | sat [sæt] | сидеть |
| 207 | slay [sleɪ] | slew | slain | убивать |
| 208 | sleep [sli:p] | slept [slept] | slept [slept] | спать |
| 209 | slide [slaɪd] | slid | slid | скользить |
| 210 | sling [slɪŋ] | slung | slung | швырять, подвешивать |
| 211 | slink [slɪŋk] | slunk | slunk | идти крадучись |
| 212 | slit [slɪt] | slit | slit | раздирать, разрезать (вдоль) |
| 213 | smell [smel] | smelt [smelt], smelled | smelt [smelt], smelled | пахнуть, нюхать |
| 214 | smite [smaɪt] | smote | smitten | ударять, разбивать |
| 215 | sow [soʊ] | sowed | sowed, sown | сеять |
| 216 | speak [spi:k] | spoke [spouk] | spoken [‘spoukən] | говорить |
| 217 | speed [spiːd] | sped, speeded | sped, speeded | ускорять, спешить |
| 218 | spell [spel] | spelt [spelt], spelled | spelt [spelt], spelled | писать или читать по буквам |
| 219 | spend [spend] | spent | spent | тратить, проводить |
| 220 | spill [spɪl] | spilt [spɪlt], spilled | spilt [spɪlt], spilled | пролить |
| 221 | spin [spɪn] | spun, span | spun | прясть |
| 222 | spit [spɪt] | spat [spæt], spit | spat [spæt], spit | плевать |
| 223 | split [splɪt] | split [splɪt] | split [splɪt] | расщепить |
| 224 | spoil [spoɪl] | spoilt [spoɪlt], spoiled | spoilt [spoɪlt], spoiled | портить |
| 225 | spotlight [ˈspɑːtlaɪt] | spotlit, spotlighted | spotlit, spotlighted | осветить |
| 226 | spread [spred] | spread | spread | распростра- няться |
| 227 | spring [ˈsprɪŋ] | sprang | sprung | скакать, пружинить |
| 228 | stand [stænd] | stood [stʊd] | stood [stʊd] | стоять |
| 229 | steal [sti:l] | stole [stoul] | stolen [‘stoulən] | украсть |
| 230 | stick [stɪk] | stuck | stuck | уколоть, приклеить |
| 231 | sting [stɪŋ] | stung | stung | ужалить |
| 232 | stink [stɪŋk] | stank, stunk | stunk | вонять |
| 233 | strew [struː] | strewed | strewn, strewed | усеять, устлать |
| 234 | stride [straɪd] | strode | stridden | шагать |
| 235 | strike [straɪk] | struck [strʌk] | struck [strʌk] | ударить, бить, бастовать |
| 236 | string [ˈstrɪŋ] | strung | strung | нанизать, натянуть |
| 237 | strive [straɪv] | strove | striven | стараться |
| 238 | sublet [ˌsʌbˈlet] | sublet | sublet | передавать в субаренду |
| 239 | swear [swer] | swore | sworn | клясться, браниться |
| 240 | sweep [swiːp] | swept | swept | мести, промчаться |
| 241 | swell [swel] | swelled | swollen, swelled | вздуться |
| 242 | swim [swɪm] | swam [swæm] | swum [swæm] | плыть |
| 243 | swing [swɪŋ] | swung | swung | качаться |
| 244 | take [teɪk] | took [tʊk] | taken [‘teɪkən] | взять, брать |
| 245 | teach [ti:tʃ] | taught [tɔ:t] | taught [tɔ:t] | учить |
| 246 | tear [teər] | tore [tɔr] | torn [tɔrn] | рвать |
| 247 | tell [tel] | told [tould] | told [tould] | рассказывать, сказать |
| 248 | think [θɪŋk] | thought [θɔ:t] | thought [θɔ:t] | думать |
| 249 | thrive [θraɪv] | throve, trived | thriven, trived | процветать |
| 250 | throw [θrou] | threw [θru:] | thrown [θroun] | бросить |
| 251 | thrust [θrʌst] | thrust | thrust | толкнуть, сунуть |
| 252 | tread [tred] | trod | trod, trodden | ступать |
| 253 | unbend [ˌʌnˈbend] | unbent | unbent | разогнуть |
| 254 | underbid [ˌʌndərˈbɪd] | underbid | underbid | снижать цену |
| 255 | undercut [ˌʌndərˈkʌt] | undercut | undercut | сбивать цены |
| 256 | undergo [ˌʌndərˈɡoʊ] | underwent | undergone | проходить, подвергаться |
| 257 | underlie [ˌʌndərˈlaɪ] | underlay | underlain | лежать в основе |
| 258 | underpay [ˌʌndərˈpeɪ] | underpaid | underpaid | оплачивать слишком низко |
| 259 | undersell [ˌʌndərˈsel] | undersold | undersold | продавать дешевле |
| 260 | understand [ʌndər’stænd] | understood [ʌndər’stʊd] | understood [ʌndər’stʊd] | понимать |
| 261 | undertake [ˌʌndərˈteɪk] | undertook | undertaken | предпринять |
| 262 | underwrite [ˌʌndərˈraɪt] | underwrote | underwritten | подписывать |
| 263 | undo [ʌnˈduː] | undid | undone | уничтожать сделанное |
| 264 | unfreeze [ˌʌnˈfriːz] | unfroze | unfrozen | размораживать |
| 265 | unsay [ənˈseɪ] | unsaid | unsaid | брать назад свои слова |
| 266 | unwind [ˌʌnˈwaɪnd] | unwound | unwound | развертывать |
| 267 | uphold [ʌpˈhoʊld] | upheld | upheld | поддерживать |
| 268 | upset [ʌpˈset] | upset | upset | опрокинуть, огорчить |
| 269 | wake [weɪk] | woke [wouk], waked | woken [‘woukən], waked | просыпаться, будить |
| 270 | waylay [weɪˈleɪ] | waylaid | waylaid | подстерегать |
| 271 | wear [weər] | wore [wɔr] | worn [wɔrn] | носить (одежду) |
| 272 | weave [wiːv] | wove, weaved | woven, weaved | ткать |
| 273 | wed [wed] | wed, wedded | wed, wedded | выдавать замуж |
| 274 | weep [wiːp] | wept | wept | плакать |
| 275 | wet [wet] | wet, wetted | wet, wetted | мочить, увлажнять |
| 276 | win [wɪn] | won [wʌn] | won [wʌn] | выиграть |
| 277 | wind [wɪnd] | wound | wound | заводить (механизм) |
| 278 | withdraw [wɪðˈdrɔː] | withdrew | withdrawn | взять назад, отозвать |
| 279 | withhold [wɪðˈhoʊld] | withheld | withheld | удерживать |
| 280 | withstand [wɪðˈstænd] | withstood | withstood | противиться |
| 281 | wring [rɪŋ] | wrung | wrung | скрутить, сжать |
| 282 | write [raɪt] | wrote [rout] | written [‘rɪtn] | писать |
Большинство английских глаголов следуют стандартным правилам:
- Today I try. (сегодня я пытаюсь)
- Yesterday I tried (вчера я пытался)
Прошедшее время (вторая и третья формы глагола) образуется при помощи стандартного -ed! Все очень просто!
Неправильные же глаголы не подчиняются никаким схемам, и для них не существует никаких правил, поэтому их необходимо просто запомнить.
| Основные способы образования II и III форм неправильных глаголов | ||||
| № | Способ образования | Infinitive | Past Simple | Past Participle |
| 1 | Изменение корневой гласной формы инфинитива | to come to begin | came began | come begun |
| 2 | Изменение корневой гласной и добавление окончания | to break to give | broke gave | broken given |
| 3 | Изменение окончания формы инфинитива | to spend to send | spent sent | spent sent |
| 4 | Все три формы неправильного глагола одинаковы | to put to cost | put cost | put cost |
| 5 | Вторая и третья формы одинаковы и содержат краткий гласный [e] | to feel to leave | felt left | felt left |
На самом деле, много лет назад в древнеанглийском языке было, как минимум, в два раза больше неправильных глаголов. За многие столетия эти глаголы изменились и сегодня английский является гораздо более простым современным языком.
Представьте себе игру с испорченным телефоном, когда люди, сидящие по кругу, говорят друг другу на ухо предложение. Это предложение, пройдя по кругу, каждый раз меняется и становится по форме совсем не похожим на изначальное, хотя по смыслу они совпадают.
Как считает известный популяризатор науки и профессор лингвистики в Гарварде Стивен Пинкер: «каждый раз, когда мы используем неправильный глагол, мы продолжаем эту игру». Иными словами — это испорченный телефон, который длится более пяти тысяч лет.
Топ 100 неправильных глаголов:
Источник статьи: http://englishmore.ru/irregular-verbs/nepravilnye-glagoly-angliyskogo-yazyka